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Norbert Elias - What is sociology?

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Norbert Elias What is sociology?
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    What is sociology?
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What is sociology?: summary, description and annotation

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What is Sociology? presents in concise and provocative form the major ideas of a seminal thinker whose work -- spanning more than four decades -- is only now gaining the recognition here it has long had in Germany and France. Unlike other post-war sociologists, Norbert Elias has always held the concept of historical development among his central concerns; his dynamic theories of the evolution of modern man have remedied the historical and epistemological shortcomings of structualism and ethno-methodology. What is Sociology? refines the arguments that were first found in Elias massive work on the civilizing process, in which he formulated his major assertions about the interdependence of the making of modern man and modern society.It is Elias contention that changes in personality structure -- embodied in phenomena ranging from table manners and hygiene habits to rites of punishment and courtly love -- inevitably reflect and mould patterns of control generated by new political and social instututions. Elias rejection of a dichotomy between individual and society, and his use of psychoanalysis, political theory, and social history, help restore a fullness of resource to sociology.

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What Is Sociology?

Norbert Elias

Translated by Stephen Mennell and Grace Morrissey

With a Foreword by Reinhard Bendix

Columbia University Press New York

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Copyright Juventa Verlag, Munich, 1970

Translation copyright Hutchinson & Co. (Publishers) Ltd 1978

All rights reserved

Translation published in 1978 in Great Britain by Hutchinson & Co. (Publishers) Ltd and in the United States of America by Columbia University Press

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Elias Norbert.

What is sociology?

(European perspectives)

Translation of Was ist Soziologie?

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Sociology. I. Title.

HM57.E5813 1978 301 78-2386

ISBN O-231-04550-6

ISBN 0-231-04551-4 (paper)

Printed in the United States of America

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Contents
Author's acknowledgements
Translators' acknowledgements
Foreword by Reinhard Bendix
Introduction
1 Sociology -- the questions asked by Comte
From a philosophical to a sociological theory of
knowledge
From non-scientific to scientific knowledge
The scientific investigation of the sciences
Sociology as a relatively autonomous science
The problem of specialization
2 The sociologist as a destroyer of myths
3 Game models
Primal Contest: model of a contest without rules
Game models: models of interweaving processes with
norms
Commentary
4 Universal features of human society
Mankind's natural changefulness as a social constant
The need for new means of speaking and thinking
A critique of sociological 'categories'
The personal pronouns as a figurational model
The concept of figuration
5 Human interdependencies -- problems of social bonds
Affective bonds
Political and economic bonds
The development of the concept of development
Social values and social science

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6 The problem of the 'inevitability' of social development
Theory of social development
Notes and references
Index

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Author's acknowledgements

If, in writing an introduction to sociology, one deviates somewhat from the familiar paths and in doing so endeavours to help the reader to think through anew the basic problems of society, in the first instance one can trust to nothing else but one's own conscience. Yet one is always dependent on other people for their help, encouragement, stimulus, and suggestions. Here I cannot name everyone who in one way or another has aided me in this work. But apart from the Editor of the series, Professor Dieter Claessens, to whom I dedicate this book, I must explicitly mention Dr W. Lepenies, who with great skill and tact adjusted the author's over-long, rather difficult and not easily shortened manuscript to the prescribed format for the series. Volker Krumrey gave me indispensable help and good advice on the preparation of the manuscript. I should also like to express my heartfelt thanks to my friends and colleagues Eric Dunning, Johan Goudsblom and Hermann Korte for the stimulus and advice they gave me. Finally, I must not omit to thank my publisher Dr M. Faltermaier, whose patience I from time to time sorely tried.

Norbert Elias Leicester, 1969

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Translators' acknowledgements

The principal debt which Grace Morrissey and I owe as translators of What is Sociology? is to the author himself. One of the chief purposes of Professor Elias's book is to invite sociologists to restructure their imaginations, to re consider the way they think and speak about society. And so, in many instances, our knowledge of current sociological idiom proved something of a handicap - the problem was precisely to avoid the familiar terms and modes of expression. In this, the author's assistance has been more than valuable; it has been essential. As a sociologist rather than as trans' lator, I should like to acknowledge the stimulus I gained through my conversations with Professor Elias.

In revising the translation for publication I was immensely assisted by Professor Johan Goudsblom of the University of Amsterdam, who read the entire text and constructively criticized it line by line. Rod Aya, Donald Munro, Gillian Middleton-Smith, my wife Barbara and, indirectly, my fellow contributors to the Festschrift for Norbert Elias ( Human Figurations, edited by Gleichmann Goudsblom and Korte, Amsterdam 1977) also suggested many improvements. Beryl Harris, Elsa Broome and Sue Ridler typed the manuscript.

Lastly, let me thank Ann Douglas and her successor at Hutchinson, Robert Shreeve, who encouraged me to persist with this translation; their patience, like that of the original German publisher, was sorely tried.

Stephen Mennell Exeter, 1977

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Foreword

Norbert Elias is one of the German scholars who fled Germany in the 1930s and eventually made his home in England. His most important scholarly contribution, ber den Prozess der Zivilisation, was published in 1939 in Switzerland, and a new edition with an important new introduction was published in 1969, also in Switzerland. It is only now, however, that Elias's major works, including the present volume, are becoming available to English readers. Nevertheless, Norbert Elias's work as a teacher at the University of Leicester had considerable influence. By now one can speak of a whole generation of English sociologists who have been students of Elias and carried away with them his infectious enthusiasm for the subject. Readers of this book will be able to recognize what has captured their imagination, the author's natural gift as a teacher. It is also possible to speak of a renewed interest in the work of Elias in Germany and Holland where, after his retirement from Leicester in 1962, he has been visiting professor at several universities. In effect, Norbert Elias's fate has been singular in that his major impact as a teacher has been in England, while the belated impact of his scholarly work has remained within the German academic world.

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