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Kristin Eberhard - Becoming a Democracy: How We Can Fix the Electoral College, Gerrymandering, and Our Elections

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Kristin Eberhard Becoming a Democracy: How We Can Fix the Electoral College, Gerrymandering, and Our Elections
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Becoming a Democracy: How We Can Fix the Electoral College, Gerrymandering, and Our Elections: summary, description and annotation

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The United States wasnt built as a democracy. The Senate doesnt represent people. Both sides hate gerrymandering and the courts refuse to fix it. Our right to be heard is defeated by voter suppression and an Electoral College system that concentrates power in a handful of states and too often reverses the popular vote. But within our flawed system, we have the tools to tackle our most stubborn election problems by flexing state and local power (no constitutional amendments or courts required).

This should be the last American election that works against the people. Kristin Eberhard, Director of Democracy at Sightline Institute, thoughtfully researched how the U.S. election system is unjust to many by design, and walks us through 10 big but practical ideas for making our elections free, fair, and secure. Now is the time:

* More than half of Americans live in just nine states. That means less than half the population controls 82 percent of the Senate. It doesnt have to be that way. We can hope the Senate eliminates the filibuster. But while were holding our breath, what if we went further and remade the Senate to represent people?

* Voter suppression justified by trumped up fears of double voting and dead voters why? Theres already a simple, proven solution working in 30 states to keep voter lists secure and accurate.

* Feel stuck with the Electoral College reversing the popular vote? That isnt even in the Constitution! There is a path for states to ensure the candidate with the most votes wins (and were already on it).

* We could defeat gerrymandering and create a multi-party system where voters have more options, lawmakers get more work done, and extremists are relegated to the fringe, unable to take over a major party.

A field guide to better elections for both sides of the aisle, Becoming a Democracy illuminates the meaningful, concrete actions that can transform our elections and make sure everyones vote counts (and that they get to vote in the first place).

Eberhard delves into the history and evolution of our flawed systems, showing their impact on voters the outcomes of our elections, and the perpetuation of racist policies.

* American voters arent going to elect the American president. Twelve states are.

* One in every 13 Black adults could not vote as the result of laws limiting voting rights for people with felony convictions, as of 2016.

* Some 23 million American citizens who are eligible to vote could not exercise that right if all states had strict voter ID laws. * More than one in ten voting-age citizens do not have a current, government-issued photo IDif youre in a state with a strict Voter ID law, that means no vote.

* The Supreme Court cleared the way for states to purge 2 million voters from the rolls between 2012 and 2016.

She also shows how states across the country are changing all that with proven solutions for running fair elections and making every vote count.

* Thirty states are members of a secure and modern system to keep voter rolls clean. Together, theyve removed more than 300,000 names of deceased voters from their rolls and updated addresses for nearly 10 million eligible voters.

In the 2020 primary, Montana mailed ballots to all registered voters. It saw the highest voter turnout in more than 40 years.

* In the 2014 midterm elections, voter participation in Vote At Home states across the nation was on average 23 percent higher than in other states.

* In 2018, Maine voters used ranked ballots to elect members of Congress. A four-way race for a House seat would have elected someone with only minority...

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Table of Contents
Copyright 2020 by Kristin Eberhard All rights reserved No part of this - photo 1
Copyright 2020 by Kristin Eberhard All rights reserved No part of this - photo 2
Copyright 2020 by Kristin Eberhard
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, contact press@sightline.org .
Published by Sightline Institute
1402 Third Ave. Suite 500
Seattle, Washington 98101
For ordering information, go to: BecomingADemocracy.org
Print ISBN: 978-0-9894740-2-3
EBook ISBN: 978-0-9894740-3-0
First Edition
Table of Contents
Introduction
If youve picked up this book, welcome! Im Kristin Eberhard. I am a researcher and the director for the democracy and climate programs at Sightline Institute, a think tank. Ive put in years of reading and writing, and have earned a law degree and a masters degree, to hone the expertise that informs this book. I am also a mom; a resident of Portland, Oregon; a fantasy fiction aficionada; the only member of my family of origin who is not a public school teacher; and an aspiring contender for best family Halloween costume coordinator, the fruits of which grace our holiday card to friends and family every year. (In fact, here we are in 2019 as Bellatrix Lestrange, Severus Snape, Harry Potter, and the Golden Snitch, in celebration of my older sons completion of the first four books of the series.)
All this is to say Im human And I know you may be wondering if you can trust - photo 3
All this is to say, Im human!
And I know you may be wondering if you can trust me as your guide as you dive into this book.
Since youve picked up a book about U.S. democracy, you may feel strongly affiliated with either the Democratic or the Republican Party and wonder where I fall. I lean left politically, but I am not a member of the Democratic Party. Im a proud member of the Independent Party of Oregon. While I do care about many of the policy priorities of Democrats, what I care about most is that our democracy works for everybody.
This isnt just an empty platitude I want my children to live in a democracy. Id also like them to live in a stable climate. The world is facing a climate crisis that will likely make my childrens lives harder than mine has been, and the United States has been unable to act on this issue in part because of deep flaws in our democracy. Those flaws have escalated into fractures and are on their way to chasms that, if left unchecked, could so delegitimize our democracy that people give up on it entirely.
Who is this book for?
If you care about democracy in the United States, this book is for you.
If you lean left, many of the solutions will resonate with you right away, especially the ideas of helping more people vote and of making the U.S. Senate and the Electoral College more responsive to all voters, not to the minority of voters they now serve. But this is not simply a playbook for the Democratic Party. Its a playbook for a resilient democracy. For example, in my home state of Oregon, Democrats control the legislature, and the legislature controls the redistricting process, giving Democrats an opportunity to gerrymander. This book is adamantly against gerrymandering and presents a solution that would likely give more seats in Oregons legislature to Republicans and Libertarians, but that would make our government more representative of all my fellow Oregonians, and thereby stronger.
If you lean right, this book is also for you! One of the biggest risks to democracy is a decline of the center-right party, leaving a vacuum in which extremists gain power. Center-right Americans may be the most critical players in helping the United States to weather the brewing storms and come out the other end as a strong and fair democracy. While the current incarnation of the Republican Party has chosen to appeal to a smaller number of mostly white voters and grab power without winning the most votes, many conservative-leaning Americans do believe that our country is stronger when everyone has a fair shot at participating in its affairs. You might believe, as I do, that not only American democracy but the American conservative movement itself would be stronger if the Republican Party had to compete on a level playing field rather than on the tilted one we have now.
This book is probably not for you if you
believe your party should win at any cost,
are willing to sacrifice democracy to get a policy or political result you want,
support corporations and their lobbyists having more influence than everyday people on decisions about our health-care costs, our drinking-water safety, our school funding, and other priorities, or
believe that some Americans views should be excluded or discounted.
If thats you, I hope you might still give the book a try, but unfortunately we are not starting from the same values.
Everything seems to be about red and blue these days. If you browse the politics section of any bookstore, youll see lots of red and blue covers and elephants and donkeys. Not so with this book. But I know we humans love a good us versus them story line, so Id like to invite you to start thinking of a different us and them: not red versus blue, but pro- versus anti-democracy. If you believe in the solutions in this book, welcome. You are officially part of the pro-democracy us.
We are committed to delivering on the promise that all Americans are created equal and deserve the right to vote, the right to a voice in elections, the right to fair representation in our halls of government, and maybe even a chance to take part in writing the laws, either by running for office (see ).
Think of it like building a bridge. Anti-democracy forces might say, for instance, that only redheaded people should have a say in when, where, and how to build a bridge. Or maybe only right-handed people. Or only landowners. The possibilities for exclusion are endless. Truly, only bridge engineers should be allowed to design the trusses. But we in the pro-democracy club would say that everyone should have a chance to give their input about whether, where, and how big to build a bridge. If some people were systematically excluded from the planning, the community could end up with a bridge to nowhere that destroyed a thriving neighborhood to boot.
Policy-making can work the same way, and in a country of more than 300 million people, there are many sources of knowledge to gather. Elections are our primary tool for making sure that all the relevant knowledge is brought to bear anytime our councilors, mayors, legislators, governors, or president are making important decisions. Making sure that elections are free and fair so that every voice is heard can lead to healthier, more balanced decision-making.
How to use this book
You could read this book straight through for an overview of the ways in which American democracy was designed to not work well in the modern era, as well as ten solutions.
Or you could take a look at the table of contents and go directly to the section that interests you the most. The section overview will provide you with context, and each chapter in the section will present a proven solution. For instance, if you are most concerned about voting rights, read the section I overview for context and for solutions.
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