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Published in 2016 by Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC
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Copyright 2016 by Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC
First Edition
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Esbenshade, Richard S.
Hungary / Richard S. Esbenshade and Debbie Nevins.
pages cm. (Cultures of the world)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-50260-338-8 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-50260-339-5 (ebook)
1. HungaryJuvenile literature. I. Nevins, Debbie. II. Title.
DB906.E83 2015
943.9dc23
2015004885
Writers, Richard S. Esbenshade; Debbie Nevins, third edition
Editorial Director, third edition: David McNamara
Editor, third edition: Debbie Nevins
Art Director, third edition: Jeffrey Talbot
Designer, third edition: Jessica Nevins
Production Manager, third edition Jennifer Ryder-Talbot
Cover Picture Researcher: Stephanie Fletcha
Picture Researcher, third edition: Jessica Nevins
PICTURE CREDITS
The photographs in this book are used with the permission of: Ellya/Shutterstock.com, cover; Anton_Ivanov/Shutterstock.com, 1; Mario Savoia/Shutterstock.com, 3; STR/AFP/Getty Images,5; Alexander Tihonov/Shutterstock.com, 6; FERENC ISZA/AFP/Getty Images, 7; Mehmet Yilmaz/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images, 8; ATTILA KISBENEDEK/AFP/Getty Images, 9; S-F/Shutterstock.com, 10; BMJ/Shutterstock.com, 11; Eniko Balogh/Shutterstock.com, 12; Vacclav/Shutterstock.com, 13; Peter Gudella/Shutterstock.com, 14; Cserlajos/File:Hungary topographic map.jpg/Wikimedia Commons, 15; AP Photo/Bela Szandelszky, 17; manasesistvan/Shutterstock.com, 18; Zorandim/Shutterstock.com, 19; Emi Cristea/Shutterstock.com, 20; Robert Jakatics/Shutterstock.com, 20; Alexander D.Sabransky/Shutterstock.com, 22; Ealdgyth/File:ArpadstatueHerosSquareBudapest.jpg/Wikimedia Commons, 24; Akos Stiller/Bloomberg via Getty Images, 25; Pecold/Shutterstock.com, 27; Fine Arts in Hungary: Nuvola filesystems folder home.svgInkscape.svgInformation icon.svg/File:II. Rkczi Ferenc Mnyoki.jpg/Wikimedia Commons, 28; Sorin Colac/Shutterstock.com, 29; http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/b/barabas/szecheny.html/File:SzechenyiIstvan1.jpg/Wikimedia Commons, 30; zalay JzsefBarti Lajos: A magyar nemzet trtnete (1895)/File:Ferenc Jzsef koronzsa Budn.jpg/Wikimedia Commons, 31; DEA/G. DAGLI ORTI/De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images, 32; Agence de presse Mondial Photo-Presse/File:Signature de la Paix avec la Hongrie, en tte Benrd gost hongrois(passant devant un piquet dhonneur Versailles).jpg/Wikimedia Commons, 33; fotoreporter sovietico sconosciuto/File:BUDAPEST 45 VI.jpg/Wikimedia Commons, 34; Asaf Eliason/Shutterstock.com, 35; ATTILA MANEK/AFP/Getty Images, 37; Northfoto/Shutterstock.com, 39; PETER KOHALMI/AFP/Getty Images, 40; PETER KOHALMI/AFP/Getty Images, 42; ATTILA KISBENEDEK/AFP/Getty Images, 43; ATTILA KISBENEDEK/AFP/Getty Images, 44; FarkasB/Shutterstock.com, 45; E.T. Studhalter/File:Ferenc Gyurcsny, Davos 2.jpg/Wikimedia Commons, 46; Akos Stiller/Bloomberg via Getty Images, 48; Independent Picture Service/UIG via Getty Images, 50; Martchan/Shutterstock.com, 51; Zsolt Biczo/Shutterstock.com, 52; Akos Stiller/Bloomberg via Getty Images, 53; Tupungato/Shutterstock.com, 54; FERENC ISZA/AFP/Getty Images, 56; katatonia82/Shutterstock.com, 58; Art Konovalov/Shutterstock.com, 59; AP Photo/Gyoergy Nemeth, 60; Laszlo Szirtesi/Shutterstock.com, 62; Juraj Kovac/Shutterstock.com, 63; federicofoto/iStockRelease/Getty Images, 64; Attila JANDI/Shutterstock.com, 66; Angyalosi Beata/Shutterstock.com, 69; ATTILA KISBENEDEK/AFP/Getty Images, 70; lcepparo/Shutterstock.com, 72; sn4ke/Shutterstock.com, 74; kawhia/Shutterstock.com, 75; PETER KOHALMI/AFP/Getty Images, 77; FERENC ISZA/AFP/Getty Images, 78; Godong/UIG via Getty Images, 79; ATTILA KISBENEDEK/AFP/Getty Images, 80; T photography/Shutterstock.com, 82; Emi Cristea/Shutterstock.com, 84; Carlos Amarillo/Shutterstock.com, 85; AP Photo, 86; Kyrien/Shutterstock.com, 87; Asaf Eliason/Shutterstock.com, 88; Jonathan Smith/Lonely Planet Images/Getty Images, 90; ATTILA KISBENEDEK/AFP/Getty Images, 94; Wolfgang Kaehler/LightRocket via Getty Images, 96; Fine Arts in Hungary/File:Csktmaganyos cedrus (1907).jpg/Wikimedia Commons, 97; Silar/File:09 Balint Balassi, Odrzykon oder Ehrenberg, 2013.JPG/Wikimedia Commons, 98; STF/AFP/Getty Images, 99; Frank Hoensch/Redferns via Getty Images, 100; Irina Burmistrova/Shutterstock.com, 101; Popperfoto/Getty Images, 102; www.hung-art.hu/File:Csontvry narckp.jpg/Wikimedia Commons, 104; FERENC ISZA/AFP/Getty Images, 105; Balint Porneczi/Bloomberg via Getty Images, 106; InavanHateren/Shutterstock.com, 107; Jonathan Smith/Lonely Planet Images/Getty Images, 108; igor.stevanovic/Shutterstock.com, 110; Attila JANDI/Shutterstock.com, 112; Central Press/Getty Images, 113; Alex Livesey/Getty Images, 114; Fsarkao/Shutterstock.com, 116; Takacs Szabolcs/Shutterstock.com, 118; CoolR/Shutterstock.com, 119; ATTILA KISBENEDEK/AFP/Getty Images, 120; ffolas/Shutterstock.com, 122; Dionisvera/Shutterstock.com, 124; Palino Spisiak/Shutterstock.com, 125; Asaf Eliason/Shutterstock.com, 127; Amacistock/Shutterstock.com, 128; Chris Niedenthal/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images, 129; IngridHS/Shutterstock.com, 130; Foodio/Shutterstock.com, 131; Globe Turner/Shutterstock.com, 137.
PRECEDING PAGE
The Fishermans Bastion on Castle Hill in Budapest offers panoramic views of the city and the Danube River below.
Printed in the United States of America
CONTENTS
I N SOME WAYS, HUNGARY IS AN ISLAND. THIS MAY SEEM AN ODD description of a landlocked nation, a country with no coastline at all, but Hungary is a place unto itself. This Central European nation has one thing that no other country hasthe Hungarian language, a tongue so different from any other that its considered a language isolate. Or a language island, one could say. This isnt quite true in the absolute sense, since linguists say Hungarian is a member of the Finno-Urgic family of languages, and distantly related to Finnish and Estonian. But even on that branch of the language family tree, Hungarian is off on its own, a twig unto itself, so to speakwith Finnish and Estonian being much closer to each other than to Hungarian. And geographically, of course, Finland and Estonia are nowhere near Hungary anyway.