Lucille H. Campey - Planters, Paupers, and Pioneers: English Settlers in Atlantic Canada

Planters, Paupers,
and Pioneers

ALSO BY LUCILLE H. CAMPEY

An Unstoppable Force:
The Scottish Exodus to Canada

A Very Fine Class of Immigrants:
Prince Edward Islands Scottish Pioneers, 17701850

Fast Sailing and Copper-Bottomed:
Aberdeen Sailing Ships and the Emigrant Scots
They Carried to Canada, 17741855

The Silver Chief:
Lord Selkirk and the Scottish Pioneers of
Belfast, Baldoon, and Red River

After the Hector:
The Scottish Pioneers of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, 17731852

The Scottish Pioneers of Upper Canada, 17841855:
Glengarry and Beyond

Les cossais:
The Scottish Pioneers of Lower Canada, 17631855

With Axe and Bible:
The Scottish Pioneers of New Brunswick, 17841874

THE ENGLISH IN CANADA

Planters, Paupers,
and Pioneers

English Settlers in Atlantic Canada

Lucille H. Campey

A NATURAL HERITAGE BOOK
A MEMBER OF THE DUNDURN GROUP
TORONTO

Copyright Lucille H. Campey, 2010

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise (except for brief passages for purposes of review) without the prior permission of Dundurn Press. Permission to photocopy should be requested from Access Copyright.

Published by Natural Heritage Books
A Member of The Dundurn Group

Editor: Jane Gibson
Copy Editor: Allison Hirst
Design: Jennifer Scott
Printer: Transcontinental

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Campey, Lucille H.

Planters, paupers, and pioneers : English settlers in Atlantic Canada / by Lucille H. Campey.

Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued also in electronic format.
ISBN 978-1-55488-748-4

1. English--Atlantic Provinces--History. 2. Colonists--Atlantic Provinces--History. 3. United Empire loyalists-Atlantic Provinces--History. 4. Atlantic Provinces--Emigration and immigration--History. 5. England--Emigration and immigration-- History. 6. Ships--Atlantic Provinces--Passenger lists. 7. Atlantic Provinces--Genealogy. I. Title.

FC2050.B7C34 2010 971.500421 C2010-902312-9

1 2 3 4 5 14 13 12 11 10

We acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council for our publishing program. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada BookFund and The Association for the Export of Canadian Books, and the Government of Ontario through the Ontario Book Publishers Tax Credit program, and the Ontario Media Development Corporation.

Care has been taken to trace the ownership of copyright material used in this book. The author and the publisher welcome any information enabling them to rectify any references or credits in subsequent editions.

J. Kirk Howard, President

Printed and bound in Canada.
www.dundurn.com

Front cover image: Pownal Wharf, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, in 1849, watercolour by George Hubbard. The red ships hull is the remains of the Castalia, built in 1835 by James Ellis Peake at his Charlottetown shipyard. Following her demise in a storm in 1838, Peake converted the hull into an office and rigging loft. It was affectionately known as Peakes Ark. Peakes house is the brick building to the left of the ark. It still stands today. Courtesy of the Prince Edward Island Museum and Heritage Foundation.

Back cover image: Settlers cabin between Halifax and Windsor as seen from a train in June 1867, a watercolour-overpencil by Juliana Horatia Ewing. Courtesy of Yorkshire Libraries and Information, Wakefield, Ewing Gatty Collection.

CONTENTS

Abbreviations

Chapter 10 The English in Atlantic Canada

Appendix IV Emigrant Ship Crossings from England to Prince Edward Island

8 Yorkshire Settler Locations in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia,
and Westmorland County, New Brunswick

14 English Concentrations in Eastern Newfoundland

All maps are Geoff Campey, 2010

I am indebted to a great many people. I would like to begin by thanking the many archivists in England and Canada who have helped me. In particular, I wish to thank Angela Broome at The Royal Institution of Cornwall in Truro, Kim Cooper at the Centre for Cornish Studies in Redruth, Rene Jackaman at the Devon Record Office in Exeter, Sally Morgan at the Dorset History Centre in Dorchester, Vicky Grindrod at the West Yorkshire Archive Service in Leeds, Angela Plumb, Sue Barnsley, and Heather Marshall at the Suffolk Record Office in Ipswich, and Bill Wexler and Emma Sealy at the Suffolk Record Office in Lowestoft. Special thanks are owed to Ruth Hobbins, Janice Uthing, Margaret Daley, Pauline Cass, Brenda Muller, and Margaret Parry at the Liverpool Record Office for their unstinting help. In Canada, I would like to thank Melanie Tucker at the Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador, Gail Judge at the Nova Scotia Archives, Heather Lyons at the New Brunswick Archives, and Pam Wheatley at the Prince Edward Island Archives. As always there were many people at Library and Archives Canada, too numerous to mention, who assisted me in many ways.

I am grateful to the many people who assisted me in obtaining illustrations. In particular I wish to thank Lord Dartmouth for his help in obtaining a portrait of the second Earl. I thank Munroe Scott of Peterborough, Ontario, for his permission to print the Duke of Cumberland Regiment picture. Thanks are due also to Kate Holliday, manager of the Yorkshire Libraries in Wakefield (Yorkshire), who helped me to locate and obtain the Juliana Ewing paintings. David Watkins, services and operations manager of the Poole Museum (Dorset), gave me invaluable help in locating portraits of Benjamin Lester and Robert Slade, while Caroline Stone, curator of The Rooms Provincial Art Gallery in St. Johns, directed me to important visual material in Halifax and Dorchester (Dorset). Sandi Hartling, Interim Registrar of the Confederation Centre Art Gallery in Charlottetown, and Linda Berko, curator of the P.E.I. Museum and Heritage Foundation, were instrumental in my being able to locate and obtain the exquisite paintings of Robert Harris and George Hubbard.