Panikos Panayi - An Ethnic History of Europe since 1945: Nations, States and Minorities

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An Ethnic History of Europe Since 1945

An Ethnic History of Europe Since 1945

Nations, States and Minorities

Panikos Panayi

First published 2000 by Pearson Education Limited

Published 2014 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 2000, Taylor & Francis.

The right of Panikos Panayi to be identified as the author of this Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notices
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ISBN 13: 978-0-582-38134-6 (pbk)

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Available from the publisher

Typeset in 10/12pt Bembo by 35

Contents

Guide

The idea for the following volume first appeared on paper in January 1994, when I decided to write a definitive history of minorities in post-War Europe. In fact, this current book actually represents the second volume of my original plan: the first, tracing the reasons for the existence of ethnic groupings in Europe, appears as Outsiders: A History of European Minorities (London, 1999). The present volume focuses upon the situation of European minorities after 1945.

During the five years of working upon An Ethnic History of Europe, I have received support from numerous institutions and individuals, the most important of whom I would like to acknowledge. To begin with, I obtained financial assistance from the British Academy, the Nuffield Foundation, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and De Montfort University, which, collectively, allowed the employment of three research assistants and visits to libraries in London and Germany. I am very grateful to the three researchers who gathered information for the project: Joanne Reilly, Paula Kitching and Matthew Britnell.

My own research for the book took place in five cities, involving a large number of libraries, and I am grateful to the staffs of all of these: in Leicester, De Montfort University, Leicester University and Leicester County Council; in London, the British Library of Political and Economic Science, the British Library, and the libraries of the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, the School of Oriental and African Studies, the German Historical Institute, Amnesty International and the British Refugee Council, as well as Hornsey and Wood Green public libraries; in Osnabrck, the University library and the library of the Institut fr Migrationsforschung und Interkulturelle Studien; in Berlin, the Staatsbibliothek; and in Stuttgart the libraries of the Institut fr Auslandsbeziehungen and the Institut fr Zeitgeschichte, as well as the Wrtternbergische Landesbibliothek.

Furthermore, I would also like to acknowledge the assistance of numerous individuals who helped me in numerous ways. I am especially grateful to Andrew MacLennan of Longman for accepting this book and diagnosing the faults in the original manuscript. I would also like to mention the administrative staff at De Montfort, including Viv Andrews, Val Bell, Steve Gamble, John Mackintosh and Barrat Patel. My academic colleagues, who helped in various ways, by either reading parts of the manuscript or offering advice with sources, include Lorna Chessum, Pierre Lanfranchi, Mark Sandle and Gurharpal Singh. Outside De Montfort, I am especially grateful to Klaus J. Bade, who allowed me to work at his Institut fr Migrationsforschung und Interkulturelle Studien, as well as Tony Kushner, Johannes Dieter Steinert and John Stevenson. I would also like to thank Mark Thompson for allowing me to use his map of 'National and Ethnic Distribution in Yugoslavia'.

As ever, I am grateful to my parents, at whose home in Hornsey I stayed when I carried out the London research and where I also wrote some of the manuscript. Many students also helped to keep the work in perspective, including Stuart Blackmore, John Davies, Mundeep Deogan, Adam Gillogley-Mari, Lyndon MaCerlaine, Alex Peach, Helen Ward and Scott Zlotak. The book is dedicated to Rebecca Axten, Lindsay Garratt and Lucie Parkes.

• AAE Amicale de Algriens en Europe (Association of Algerians in Europe)
• ASSR Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
• BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
• Beur Second-generation North African immigrant in France
• Bidonville Immigrant shanty town in France
• CARD Campaign Against Racial Discrimination [in Britain)
• CPY Communist Party of Yugoslavia
• CRE Commission for Racial Equality [in Britain]
• DEMOS Democratic Opposition Coalition of Slovenia
• DP Displaced person
• DVU Deutsche Volksunion (German People's Party)
• Enosis Greek Cypriot ideology of union with Greece
• EOKA Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters)
• ETA Euskadi ta Askatasuna (Basque Land and Freedom)
• EU European Union
• FN Front National [of France]
• FNC Front Nacional de Catalunya (National Front of Catalonia)
• FOC Front Obrer de Catalunya (Workers' Front of Catalonia)
• FP Freiheitliche Partei sterreichs (Liberal Party of Austria)
• GDP Gross domestic product
• GDR German Democratic Republic
• GNP Gross national product
• Gorgio Gypsy word for non-Gypsy
• HEP Halkin Emek Partisi (People's Labour Party [of Kurdistan])
• HTV Harlech Television
• ICERD International Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
• IRA Irish Republican Army
• IWA Indian Workers' Association [of Britain]
• Jus sanguinis Nationality law principle based upon origin
• Jus solis Nationality law principle based upon place of birth
• LYC League of Yugoslav Communists
• MDS Movement for a Democratic Slovakia
• MSC Moviment Socialista de Catalunya (Socialist Movement of Catalonia)
• MSI Movimento Sociale Italiano (Italian Social Movement)
• NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
• NF National Front [of Britain]

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