Stephen B. Withey - Television and Social Behavior: Beyond Violence and Children / A Report of the Committee on Television and Social Behavior, Social Science Research Council

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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: TELEVISION

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Volume 16

TELEVISION AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

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TELEVISION AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

Beyond Violence and Children

A Report of the Committee on
Television and Social Behavior
Social Science Research Council

Edited by
STEPHEN B. WITHEY AND RONALD P. ABELES

First published 1980

This edition first published in 2013
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1980 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-0-415-82199-5 (Set)
eISBN: 978-0-203-51517-4 (Set)
ISBN: 978-0-415-84212-9 (Volume 16)
eISBN: 978-0-203-76312-4 (Volume 16)

Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.

TELEVISION AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: BEYOND VIOLENCE AND CHILDREN

A Report of the Committee on
Television and Social Behavior
Social Science Research Council

Edited by

STEPHEN B. WITHEY
RONALD P. ABELES

Copyright 1980 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers
365 Broadway
Hillsdale, New Jersey 07642

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Television and social behavior.
Sponsored by the Social Science Research Council.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Television broadcastingSocial aspects
Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Television
Psychological aspectsAddresses, essays, lectures.
I. Withey, Stephen Bassett, 1918
II. Abeles, Ronald P., 1944- III. Social
Science Research Council.
PN 1992.6T39 302.23 79-29684
ISBN 0-89859-014-0

Printed in the United States of America

Contents

Ronald P. Abeles

Stephen B. Withey

Jack M. McLeod and Byron Reeves

Herbert J. Gans

Paul M. Hirsch

Leo Bogart

Hilde T. Himmelweit

Irving L. Janis

Aime Dorr

Gordon L. Berry

Chester M. Pierce

Sherryl Brown Graves

Stephen B. Withey

Shortly after the publication of the Report of the Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior (1972), the National Institute of Mental Healthwhich had sponsored the $1.8 million of research commissioned by the Advisory Committeeconvened a workshop in order to solicit advice on how to follow up on the work and report of the Advisory Committee. A major topic of discussion was the necessity for a profile of televised violence that would measure the extent and nature of violence portrayed on television. Among the suggestions that emerged from the workshop, which strongly urged NIMH to take the initiative in the conduct of further research, was the participation of a nongovernmental group such as the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) in the planning and instigating of further research on television and social behavior. In particular, the consultants to the NIMH believed that an SSRC committee might be a good vehicle for considering the advantages and disadvantages of various measures of televised violence and for suggesting research directions beyond the then-fashionable emphasis on children and violence (Cater & Strickland, 1975; NIMH, 1972).

SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNCIL

As a not-for-profit organization devoted to the advancement of research in the social and behavioral sciences and with a long history of stimulating research on a wide variety of topics (Sibley, 1974), the Council was receptive to this suggestion. Supported by grants from private foundations and governmental agencies, the Council's multidisciplinary research planning and appraisal committees are appointed to consider means of advancing research in selected areas of current significanceareas that are deemed ready for focal attention because of rapid expansion of research, the availability or need for new research techniques, the convergence of interests of social scientists from various disciplines, or the applicability of new theoretical perspectives. The members of these committees are selected on the basis of their interest and expertise and serve voluntarily without financial compensation. Each committee is assisted by one or more members of the Council's professional staff, who are themselves social scientists.

The Committee on Television and Social Behavior was appointed by the Council in December 1972, and a proposal for a 3-year program of activities was submitted to NIMH. (See for a list of committee members.) In general terms, the committee was established to assess the current state of research in the area and to plan and stimulate new research. The committee was charged with the immediate task of conceptualizing and giving scientific overview to the research required for the development of a multidimensional profile of violence in television programming. The committee was also charged with: (1) examining and clarifying the major theoretical models underlying research on the long- and short-term effects of television on children; (2) examining methodological issues involved in this research; (3) planning and stimulating needed research on the short- and long-term effects of televised violence on children; (4) planning and stimulating research on socially and behaviorally important effects of television viewing on children, other than the linkage of televised violence and children's aggression; and (5) exploring the feasibility of research on the institutional context in which the content of television programming is determined. These goals were to be pursued through periodic meetings, commissioned papers and reports, and topical work groups or conferences organized by the committee.

While the committee was considering as its first task the pros and cons of a violence profile (see ) as well as to exploratory efforts toward the study of how programming decisions are made.

Another early decision resulted in a narrowing of the committee's agenda. It soon became apparent that it would not be necessary for the committee to undertake a general literature review and assessment of the field because such a project, by George Comstock and his colleagures at the Rand Corporation (Comstock, 1975; Comstock & Fisher, 1975; Comstock & Lindsey, 1975), was already underway. In addition, a major conference assessing general needs for researchplanned jointly by the Ford Foundation, the John and Mary R. Markle Foundation, and the National Science Foundationresulted in a large conference in November 1975 at Reston, Virginia (Andersen, Comstock, & Dennis, 1976; Comstock, 1976). Thus, rather than duplicate these efforts, the committee decided to devote its attention first to the violence profile and then to other selected topics, building where possible on the activities and products of such programs as those of the Rand Corporation and the Reston Conference.

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