IMAGINING FAR-RIGHT TERRORISM
Imagining Far-right Terrorism explores far-right terrorism as an object of the narrative imagination in contemporary Western Europe.
Western European societies are generally reluctant to think of far-right and racist violence as terrorism, but the reasons for this remain little understood. This book focuses on the extraordinarily complex case of the National Socialist Underground (NSU) in Germany, and high-profile instances of racist violence in Sweden and Norway. The author analyses the narratives surrounding far-right and racist violence, drawing on a broad range of empirical sources. Her account attributes the limits of imagining violence as far-right terrorism to elite practices of narrative control that maintain positive images of the liberal-democratic order in counterpoint to its two constitutive others the far-right and racialised minorities. Situated broadly within the scholarly tradition of critical terrorism studies, the book breaks new ground in research on far-right terrorism by following its narrative traces across time, public spaces of contestation, and national borders. It also draws on material and findings originally written in German, Swedish, and Norwegian, which were previously not available in English.
This much-needed volume will be of particular interest to students and researchers of terrorism and political violence, right-wing extremism, European politics, and communication studies.
Josefin Graef is an independent scholar whose work deals with the uses of narrative theory and analysis for understanding contemporary European politics and societies, particularly in relation to violence and immigration.
Routledge Studies in Fascism and the Far Right
Series editors:
Nigel Copsey, Teesside University, UK and Graham Macklin, Center for Research on Extremism (C-REX), University of Oslo, Norway.
This book series focuses upon national, transnational and global manifestations of fascist, far right and right-wing politics primarily within a historical context but also drawing on insights and approaches from other disciplinary perspectives. Its scope also includes anti-fascism, radical-right populism, extreme-right violence and terrorism, cultural manifestations of the far right, and points of convergence and exchange with the mainstream and traditional right.
Titles include:
The Germanic Tribes, the Gods and the German Far Right Today
Georg Schuppener
The Right-Wing Critique of Europe
Nationalist, Souverainist and Right-Wing Populist Attitudes to the EU
Edited by Joanna Sondel-Cedarmas and Francesco Berti
Imagining Far-right Terrorism
Violence, Immigration, and the Nation State in Contemporary Western Europe
Josefin Graef
Male Supremacism in the United States
From Patriarchal Traditionalism to Misogynist Incels and the Alt-Right
Edited by Emily K. Carian, Alex DiBranco and Chelsea Ebin
The Fascist Faith of Romanias Legion Archangel Michael in Romania, 192741
Martyrdom to National Purification
Constantin Iordachi
A Transnational History of Right-Wing Terrorism
Political Violence and the Far Right in Eastern and Western Europe since 1900
Edited by Johannes Dafinger and Moritz Florin
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Routledge-Studies-in-Fascism-and-the-Far-Right/book-series/FFR
Cover image: Josefin Graef
First published 2022
by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2022 Josefin Graef
The right of Josefin Graef to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Graef, Josefin, author.
Title: Imagining far-right terrorism: violence, immigration, and the nation state in contemporary Western Europe/Josefin Graef.
Description: 1 Edition. | New York, NY: Routledge, 2022. | Series: Routledge studies in fascism and the far right | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021040355 (print) | LCCN 2021040356 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367372095 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367697051 (paperback) | ISBN 9780367816124 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Right-wing extremistsEurope, WesternHistory. | DemocracyEurope, WesternHistory. | RacismEurope, WesternHistory. | ViolenceEurope, WesternHistory.
Classification: LCC HN380.Z9 G73 2022 (print) | LCC HN380.Z9 (ebook) | DDC 303.6094dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021040355
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021040356
ISBN: 978-0-367-37209-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-69705-1 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-81612-4 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9780367816124
Typeset in Bembo Std
by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.
CONTENTS
- Narrative Dialectics
- After Evil
- Filling the Void
- Counter-Imaginations
- The Making of a Terrorism Trial
- Proving Far-Right Terrorism in Court
- The Limits of Imagining Far-Right Terrorism
- 2 Narrative Dialectics
- 3 After Evil
- 4 Filling the Void
- 5 Counter-Imaginations
- 6 The Making of a Terrorism Trial
- 7 Proving Far-Right Terrorism in Court
- 8 The Limits of Imagining Far-Right Terrorism
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figures
- 5.1 Sketch of installation 77sqm_9:26min, Forensic Architecture: Design as Investigation, Rhsska Museum, Gothenburg (2020)
Tables
- 6.1 List of mentioned stakeholders in the NSU trial
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AfDAlternative fr Deutschland (Alternative for Germany)ANSAktionsfront Nationaler Sozialisten (Action Front of National Socialists)ApArbeiderpartiet (Labour Party, Norway)AUFArbeidernes ungdomsfylking (Labour Youth League, Norway)BAOBesondere Aufbauorganisation (Special Organisational Unit)BGHBundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice)BKABundeskriminalamt (Federal Office of Criminal Investigation)BpBBundeszentrale fr politische Bildung (German Federal Agency for Civic Education)BVerfGBundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court)BVerfSBundesverfassungsschutz (Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution)CDUChristlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Christian Democratic Union of Germany)C-RexCenter for Research on Extremism, University of OsloCSUChristlich-Soziale Union in Bayern (Christian Social Union in Bavaria)CTSCritical Terrorism StudiesDADeutsche Aktionsgruppen (German Action Groups)DTGDatabase on Terrorism in GermanyEUEuropean UnionFAForensic ArchitectureFDGOFreiheitliche demokratische Grundordnung (liberal-democratic basic order)FDPFreie Demokratische Partei (Free Democratic Party of Germany)FRGFederal Republic of GermanyGDRGerman Democratic RepublicGGGrundgesetz (Germanys Basic Law)GVGGerichtsverfassungsgesetz (Courts Constitution Act)HKWHaus der Kulturen der Welt (House of World Cultures, Berlin)KSWGKhnen/Schulte/Wegener GroupLKALandeskriminalamt (State Office of Criminal Investigation)LVerfSLandesverfassungsschutz (State Office for the Protection of the Constitution)MENAMiddle East and North AfricaNPDNationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (National Democratic Party of Germany)NRKNorsk rikskringkasting (Norwegian State Broadcasting)NSUNationalsozialistischer Untergrund (National Socialist Underground)OFAOperative Fallanalyse (Operative Case Analysis)OLGOberlandesgericht (Higher Regional Court)PMPrime MinisterPSTPolitiets sikkerhetstjeneste (Norwegian Police Security Service)RAFRote Armee Fraktion (Red Army Faction)SPDSozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic Party of Germany)StGBStrafgesetzbuch (German Criminal Code)StPOStrafprozessordnung (German Code of Criminal Procedure)SZSddeutsche Zeitung (German daily newspaper)THSThringer Heimatschutz (Thuringian Homeland Security)VGVerdens Gang (Norwegian tabloid)