Paul K. Kim (editor) - Services to the Aging and Aged: Public Policies and Programs (Issues in Aging)

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ISSUES IN AGING
VOL. 3

SERVICES TO THE AGING AND AGED

GARLAND REFERENCE LIBRARY
OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
VOL. 802

ISSUES IN AGING

DIANA K. HARRIS

Series Editor

THE REMAINDER OF THEIR DAYS

Domestic Policy and Older Families in the United States and Canada

edited by Jon Hendricks and Carolyn J. Rosenthal

HOUSING AND THE AGING POPULATION

Options for the New Century

edited by W. Edward Folts and Dale E. Yeatts

SERVICES TO THE AGING AND AGED

Public Policies and Programs

edited by Paul K.H. Kim

THE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF OLDER AMERICANS

edited by Steven A. Peterson and Albert Somit

SERVICES TO THE AGING AND AGED

Public Policies
and Programs

edited by

Paul K.H. Kim

First published 1994 by Garland Publishing, Inc.

Published 2021 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1994 Paul K.H. Kim

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Services to the aging and aged : public policies and programs / edited by Paul K.H. Kim

p. cm. (Garland reference library of social science ; v. 802. Issues in aging ; v. 3)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8153-0611-3

1. AgedServices forUnited States. I. Kim, Paul K. H. II. Series: Garland reference library of social science ; v. 802. III. Series: Garland reference library of social science. Issues in aging ; v. 3.

HQ1064.U5S468 1994

362.60973dc20

94-28668 CIP

ISBN 13: 978-0-8153-0611-5 (hbk)

Dedicated to
all friends who have helped me to grow

Contents

Diana K. Harris

Paul K.H. Kim

Jerome L. Blakemore

Robert O. Washington

R.L. McNeely

Robert H. Binstock

Robert B. Hudson

Laura Katz Olson

Jon Pynoos

Rosemary McCaslin

David E. Biegel

Kathleen J. Farkas

Nancy Wadsworth

Martha Baum

Abraham Monk

Lenard W. Kaye

Donna L. Yee

Mary S. Harper

Paul K.H. Kim

This series attempts to address the topic of aging from a wide variety of perspectives and to make available some of the best gerontological thought and writings to researchers, professional practitioners, and students in the field of aging as well as in other related areas. All the volumes in the series are written and/or edited by outstanding scholars and leading specialists on current issues of considerable interest.

This volume is an invaluable resource for those persons seeking a broad, comprehensive coverage of current public policies and service programs for the elderly. Besides dealing with present gerontological services, it also explores the emerging challenges that these services must face in the future. One of the outstanding features of the book is that its contributors include some of the most prominent authorities in the field of gerontology. This is an exceptionally important and timely volume and is a much needed addition to the literature on aging.

Diana K. Harris

University of Tennessee

The graying world calls for gerontological human service workers who are dedicated to the welfare of the aged in an increasingly complex society. This awareness is reshaping the reality of needs in training and research. As scientific knowledge develops, symbiotic relationships should sprout in a field otherwise isolated in the academic domain.

This book is designed to discuss selective gerontological services, including public policies and service programs, and to suggest a proactive service model from an international perspective. The intent of the book is to critically review current public policies and service programs with a futuristic perspective. Beginning from an overview of the U.S. policy ventures, the Older Americans Act and such policies as retirement, housing, and health care are discussed. For the service programs, six areas relevant to social services, income security, retirement planning, housing, health, and mental health care are detailed. In conclusion, a unified approach to gerontological human services is introduced, which may be characterized by a synthesis of Eastern and Western values, as well as by joint effort among family, community, and government of the respective country. Albeit modest, it is hoped that this book serves as a building block leading to a perfected welfare state for the aging and aged at home and abroad.

It is indeed a great honor to bring to this effort a number of established colleagues in the field of gerontological human services. The editor is profoundly indebted to the contributing authors who, independently or jointly, enriched the depth and scope of varied analyses. On behalf of these authorities and myself, I extend sincere gratitude to Diana K. Harris of the University of Tennessee for her words of confidence.

Paul K.H. Kim

1994

Jerome L. Blakemore
Robert O. Washington
R.L. McNeely

The aging of America represents a myriad of political, economic, and services delivery problems for the nation. The growth of the elderly population has increased, making the elderly a topic of concern and discussion for health and social services planners. The concerns of the elderly are of major importance to politicians, in part because of the increasing numbers of the elderly, but also because of their active involvement in the voting and political process.

The status of the elderly has changed dramatically since the turn of the century. At the beginning of this century the elderly (persons 65 and older) accounted for only 4.1 percent of the total U.S. population, therefore constituting only one of every 25 Americans. The number of elderly, by 1987, had increased to approximately 29.8 million or 12.3 percent of the total U.S. population. Table 1 indicates the growth of the elderly population (65 and older) from the turn of the century through 1990 as compared to total population figures. As the table reflects, the elderly population has increased threefold since the beginning of the century. The status of the elderly has even greater potential for change as we approach the beginning of the next century during which their numbers are expected to more than double.

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