Routledge Revivals
Social Welfare in Socialist Countries
First published in 1992, this book analyses social welfare in eight socialist countries, at that time: Czechoslovakia, China, Cuba, Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia, North Korea and the Soviet Union. For each country it considers the ideological framework underlying the social welfare system and describes the historical development of both the system and the political and socio-economic context. Each chapter looks at the structure and administration of the systems in place and how these are financed. This is followed by a consideration of the nature of different parts of the welfare system, a survey of social security, personal social services and the treatment of the following key target groups: the aged; those with disabilities and handicaps; children and youth; disadvantaged families; the unemployed; and the sick and injured. Each chapter concludes with an assessment of the effectiveness of the system considered.
Social Welfare in Socialist Countries
Edited by
John Dixon and David Macarov
First published in 1992
by Routledge
This edition first published in 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
1992 John Dixon and David Macarov
The right of John Dixon and David Macarov to be identified as editor of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.
A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 91023873
ISBN 13: 978-1-138-94713-9 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-315-67025-6 (ebk)
Social welfare in socialist countries
Edited by
John Dixon and David Macarov
First published 1992
by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
a division of Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc.
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
1992 John Dixon and David Macarov
Typeset in Times by Michael Mepham, Frome, Somerset
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Mackays of Chatham PLC, Chatham, Kent
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Social welfare in socialist countries.
(Comparative social welfare)
I. Dixon, John, 1942 II. Macarov, David
III. Series
361.65091717
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Social welfare in socialist countries / edited by John Dixon and David Macarov.
p. cm. (Comparative social welfare series)
Includes index.
1. Public welfareEurope, Eastern. 2. Public welfareCommunist countries. I. Dixon, John E. II. Macarov, David. III. Series.
HV238.S63 1992
361.91717dc20
9123873
CIP
ISBN 0-415-07150-X
Contents
John Dixon and Hyung Shik Kim
John Dixon
Carmelo Mesa-Lago and Sergio G. Roca
Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs
Gabor Hegyesi, Anna Gondos and va Orss
Hyung Shik Kim
Ewa Les
Aleksandra Wiktorow
Miroslav Ruzica
John Dixon is Association Professor in Management and Executive Director of the David Syme Management Education Centre, Monash University, Canberra, Australia.
Anna Gondos is the President of Lares Human Services Co-operative, Budapest, Hungary.
Gabor Hegyesi is a Lecturer in the Department of Social Policy, Institute of Sociology and Social Policy, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary.
Hyung Shik Kim is a Senior Lecturer in Human Services, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
Ewa Les is Manager of the Social Service Workers Department, Institute of Social Policy, Faculty of Journalism and Political Science, Warsaw University, Poland.
David Macarov is Emeritus Professor in Social Work at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
Carmelo Mesa-Lago is a Distinguished Professor and Director of the Centre for Latin American Studies, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
Eva Orsos is a Counsellor in Social Policy, House of Parliament, Budapest, Hungary.
Miroslav Ruzica is a Professor in the Department of Behavioural Science at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA.
Sergio G. Roca is a Professor of Economics at Adelphi University, Garden City, USA.
Aleksandra Wiktorow is a researcher at the Institute of Labour and Social Affairs, Poland.
This is the latest volume in a series which compares social welfare systems throughout the world. As in the previous volumes, consistency was sought by asking the contributors to discuss the environment, including ideology and/or values, history, and the political and socio-economic context: the structure, administration and financing of social welfare; specific target groups, of which six were suggested; and an assessment concerning adequacy and future probabilities. Beyond this, contributors were free to elucidate the social welfare programmes in their countries in their own way.
For purposes of consistency, social welfare has been defined a priori as:
the whole set of compulsory measures instituted to protect the individual and his or her family against the consequences of an unavoidable interruption or serious diminution of the earned income disposable for the maintenance of a reasonable standard of living.
(Rys 1966, p.242)
Similarly, the personal social services were defined in advance as:
distinguished from cash benefits; provided in response to recognised personal needs; requiring the assistance of qualified personnel.
For purposes of consistency and simplicity, all monetary units are expressed in national currency units, and no attempt has been made to convert them into comparable units. The currency units for the countries included in this volume are:
