Cass Series: Studies in Intelligence
(Series Editors: Christopher Andrew and Michael I. Handel)
Policing Politics:
Security Intelligence and the Liberal Democratic State
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Policing Politics: Security Intelligence and the Liberal Democratic State
Peter Gill
First published 1994 in Great Britain by
FRANK CASS & CO. LTD.
2 Park Square, Milton Park,
Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and in the United States of America by
FRANK CASS
270 Madison Ave,
New York NY 10016
Transferred to Digital Printing 2005
Copyright 1994 Peter Gill
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Gill, Peter
Policing Politics: Security Intelligence
and the Liberal Democratic State.
(Studies in Intelligence Series)
I. Title II. Series
327.1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gill, Peter, 1947
Policing politics: security intelligence and the liberal
democratic state / Peter Gill.
p. cm. (Cass seriesstudies in intelligence)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0714634905 ISBN 0714640972 (pbk.)
1. Intelligence serviceGreat Britain. 2. Secret serviceGreat
Britain. I. Title. II. Series.
JN329.I6G54 1994
327.1'241dc20 93-31498
CIP
ISBN 0 7146 3490 5 (hardback)
ISBN 0 7146 4097 2 (paperback)
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Frank Cass and Company Limited.
For Pen, with all my love
Contents
Many people have contributed to the writing of this book over a long period of time, most of them unknowingly. The issues discussed here first intrigued me as a student and teacher of United States politics when revelations of FBI abuses developed from a trickle to a flood in the early 1970s. Reading the reports of the congressional investigations provided me with a first overview of the operations of the secret state. Working as a research and information officer for Merseyside Police Authority in the mid-1980s provided more immediate experience of certain aspects of state information policies. During this period I benefited greatly from working with Margaret Simey, John George and Richard Kinsey.
The research which was specifically oriented to this book was aided greatly by the Canadian High Commission in London who awarded me a personal research grant in 1988. I am very grateful to all those who provided me with help and hospitality on my subsequent trips to Canada in 1988 and 1989; in particular, Stuart Farson. Stuart also read and commented helpfully on the first brief draft of the book. I would like to thank also Tony Bunyan and Richard Norton-Taylor, who have both provided help and good ideas; Gillian Hall for being a supportive colleague; Robina Dexter for casting her lawyerly eye over one chapter for me; and Phil Cubbin for assistance with some of the figures. The School of Social Science at the (then) Liverpool Polytechnic provided me with some relief from teaching for one term in 1991, which gave me more space than normally exists in the (now) 'new' universities in which to write.
Martyn Nightingale and Joe Sim both read the penultimate draft and made many helpful suggestions. Now that the accountants and bureaucrats are taking over higher education, our discussions came as a breath of fresh air. I would express particular gratitude to Joe. He read two drafts of the book, commenting extensively each time, and provided continuing support and encouragement as the writing proceeded. But, in addition, he has been a great friend and colleague as we have attempted jointly to keep particular parts of the educational show on the road at 'the John' during the last two years.
Finally, I want to thank the family. With book-writing I suspect it is like divorce: it is the children who suffer. There have been times when Ell and Rob would have liked to do something else, but sometimes the word processor was taken over by Batman and Sir Perceval, so I hope it was not all bad! Despite having her own creative interests during the period when most of the book was written, Pen has been unstinting in her support. I thank her for her specific help on the book, but I am in debt to her for much more than that.
Pete Gill, Liverpool, 1993
Permissions
The author and publisher are grateful to the following publishers for permission to quote extracts from published work:
Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, for permission to quote from Secrecy and Democracy by Admiral Stansfield Turner. Copyright 1985 by Stansfield Turner. All rights reserved.
International Thomson Publishing Services Limited, Andover, for permission to quote from The Ties that Bind by J.T. Richelson and D. Ball, published by Unwin Hyman, 1990.
Penguin USA for permission to quote from Spycatcher by Peter Wright, published by Penguin Viking in 1987.
ACLU | American Civil Liberties Union, US |
ACSI | Advisory Committee on Security Intelligence (recommended by McDonald Commission but not implemented), Canada |
ALP | Australian Labour Party |
ASIO | Australian Security Intelligence Organisation |
ASIS | Australian Secret Intelligence Service |
BPP | Black Panther Party, US |
BT | British Telecom |
CANZAB | Canada, Australia, New Zealand, America, Britain network of counterintelligence organisations set up in 1960s |
CASIS | Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies |
CI | Counterintelligence |
CIA | Central Intelligence Agency, US |
CND | Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, UK |
COINTELPRO | Counterintelligence Programmes 1956-71 in FBI, US |
CPGB | Communist Party of Great Britain |
CSIS | Canadian Security Intelligence Service |
DCI | Director and Coordinator of Intelligence, Northern Ireland |