Dunstan M. Wai - The Southern Sudan: The Problem of National Integration

CASS LIBRARY OF AFRICAN STUDIES

GENERAL STUDIES

No. 152

Editorial, Adviser: JOHN RALPH WILLIS
Department of History, University of California, Berkeley

The Southern Sudan

The Problem of National Integration

Edited by
Dunstan M. Wai

First published 1973 in Great Britain and in United States of America by

FRANK CASS AND COMPANY LIMITED

Published 2013

by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1973 Dunstan M. Wai

ISBN: 978-0-71462-985-8
ISBN: 978-1-315-03460-7 (eISBN)

Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 72-92980

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Muddathir 'Aba Al-Rahim, B.A. (Khartoum and Nottingham), Ph.D. (Manchester), Director of Research, CAFRAD, Tangier. Born in Al-Damar, Sudan. He taught at the University of Manchester for five years, and was Head of the Department of Political Science at the University of Khartoum, 1965-69. He was offered the Professorship and Chair in the Department of Political Science, University of Zambia, in 1970, and was Visiting Professor of Political Science at Makerere University, Kampala, 1970-71. His major fields of interest are political theory and political institutions. He is the author of Imperialism and Nationalism in the Sudan: A Study in Constitutional and Political Development, 1899-1956 ; Human Rights in Theory and Practice (in Arabic); Ahmad Khair's Kifah Jil (a history of the Sudanese Graduate Congress Movement); and has written many articles for learned journals.

Abel Alier, LL.B. (Khartoum), LL.M. (Yale), President of the Regional Government in the Southern Sudan, Vice-President of the Sudan. Born in Bor District, Upper Nile Province, Southern Sudan. In 1961-62 he was a Research Fellow in Land Law in the School of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London. He worked as district judge in El-Obeid, Wad-Medani and Khartoum, and was a member of the Sudan Judiciary in the High Court in 1965 when he resigned to take an active part in the politics of the Southern Sudan. He took part in the 1965 Round Table Conference, which laid down a basis for a solution of the Southern Sudan Question, and was a member of the Twelve-Man Committee appointed by the Conference to recommend a constitutional and administrative solution to the Southern problem. He was also a member of the Political Parties Conference on the South; of the Constitution Commission 1966-68; of the Board of Directors of the Industrial Planning Corporation; of the National Scholarship Board; and Secretary General of the Southern Front. He is a distinguished advocate, and has travelled widely.

Donald Denoon, B. A.(Natal), Ph.D.(Cambridge), Lecturer in History at Makerere University, Kampala. He has lectured at the Universities of Toronto and Ibadan; has written various articles on South and East African history; and is writing on South Africa since 1800, and Uganda before 1900. He was Chairman of the World University Service at Makerere, 1967-69.

Joseph U. Garang, LL. B. (Khartoutn). Born near Wau, Bahr-el-Ghazal Province in the Southern Sudan, he practised as an advocate. He joined the Sudan Communist Party and was a member of the Central Committee. In May 1969 he was appointed Minister of Supply and then Minister of State for Southern Affairs until his execution in July 1971.

A. G. G. Gingyera-Pinycwa, B.A.(Makerere), M.A.(Chicago), Lecturer in the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Makerere University, Kampala. Born in Jonam County, West Nile District, Uganda. He served as an Assistant District Commissioner and an Acting Town Clerk in the Central Government of Uganda before embarking on graduate studies. His major fields of specialization and interest are international relations and East African political systems.

Am A. Mazrui, B.A.(Manchester), M.A.(Columbia, New York), D.Phil.(Oxford), Professor and Head of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Makerere University, Kampala. He was Dean of the Social Sciences at Makerere from 1967-69 and has been Visiting Professorial Scholar at the Universities of Chicago, California (Los Angeles), Harvard and Singapore, and at the Indian School of International Studies, New Delhi. He has lectured in America, Europe, Asia and Africa; and has been associated with many international journals both as editor and contributor. A Kenyan, he is the author of Towards a Pax Africana; The Anglo-African Commonwealth > On Heroes and Uguru Worship; Violence and Thought ; Cultural Engineering and Nation-Building, and is co-editor, with Robert I. Rotberg, of Protest and Power in Black Africa. He has written numerous scholarly articles.

Storrs McCall, B.A.(McGill), B.Phil and D.Phil(Oxford). He lectured at McGill University from 1955-63, and since then has been commuting back and forth between Pittsburgh and Makerere Universities. He is the author of Aristotle's Model Syllogisms and editor of Polish Logic.

Peter H. Russell, B.A.(Toronto and Oxford), is Professor of Political Economy and Principal of Innis College in the University of Toronto. He was Visiting Professor of Political Science at Makerere University from 1969-71, and is the author of many books and scholarly articles on political theory, constitutional law and the judiciary.

Duns tan M. Wai is a student at St. John's College, Oxford. Born in Kajo-Kaji, Yei River District in the Southern Sudan, he lied to Uganda in October 1962 during the climax of General Abboud's military brutalities in the South, and lived in a refugee camp for eighteen months. He was reading for a degree in Political Science at Makerere University when he won a St. John's/Trinity Junior Common Room Refugee Scholarship. While at Makerere he was elected member of the Guild Representative Council, and of the Guild Secretariat. He was also President of the Southern Sudanese Makerere Students' Union.

The purpose of this book is to try to further understanding of the problems of the Southern Sudan, which have often been unfairly equated with the prevalent problems of national integration facing post-Colonial Africa. For greater understanding of the history and the contemporary manifestations of the conflict between North and South in the Sudan, the focus here is upon the generic aspects of the problem: