Carl Purcell - The Politics of Childrens Services Reform: Re-examining Two Decades of Policy Change

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THE POLITICS OF CHILDRENS SERVICES REFORM

Re-examining Two Decades of Policy Change

Carl Purcell

Foreword by Sir Paul Ennals

First published in Great Britain in 2020 by

Policy Press	North America office:
University of Bristol	Policy Press
1-9 Old Park Hill	c/o The University of Chicago Press
Bristol	1427 East 60th Street
BS2 8BB	Chicago, IL 60637, USA
UK	t: +1 773 702 7700
t: +44 (0)117 954 5940	f: +1 773-702-9756
www.policypress.co.uk	www.press.uchicago.edu

Policy Press 2020

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN 978-1-4473-4877-1 (paperback)

ISBN 978-1-4473-4876-4 (hardcover)

ISBN 978-1-4473-4879-5 (ePub)

ISBN 978-1-4473-4878-8 (ePdf)

The right of Carl Purcell to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of Policy Press.

The statements and opinions contained within this publication are solely those of the author and not of the University of Bristol or Policy Press. The University of Bristol and Policy Press disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any material published in this publication.

Policy Press works to counter discrimination on grounds of gender, race, disability, age and sexuality.

Cover design by Qube Design Associates, Bristol.

Front cover image: Shutterstock: big-ben-label-450w-87221995

Printed and bound in Great Britain by CMP, Poole

Policy Press uses environmentally responsible print partners.

For Ruwani, Nimali and Nelum

Contents

Appendix: chronology of key reports

ADCS	Association of Directors of Childrens Services
ADSS	Association of Directors of Social Services
AILC	Association of Independent LSCB Chairs
APPG	All Party Parliamentary Group
APSW	Association of Professors of Social Work
ASBO	Anti-Social Behaviour Order
BASW	British Association of Social Workers
CAF	Common Assessment Framework
CIAG	Childrens Inter-Agency Group
CSJ	Centre for Social Justice
CWDC	Childrens Workforce Development Council
CYP Directorate	Children and Young Peoples Directorate
CYPU	Children and Young Peoples Unit
DCMS	Department for Culture, Media and Sport
DCS	Director of Childrens Services
DCSF	Department for Children, Schools and Families
DfE	Department for Education
DH	Department of Health
DWP	Department for Work and Pensions
ECM	Every Child Matters
ECPC	End Child Poverty Coalition
EIF	Early Intervention Foundation
EIG	Early Intervention Grant
GSCC	General Social Care Council
HCPC	Health and Care Professionals Council
JUCSWEC	Joint University Council Social Work Education Committee
KSS	Knowledge and Skills Statement
LEA	Local education authority
LGA	Local Government Association
LMCS	Lead Member for Childrens Services
LSCB	Local Safeguarding Children Board
NAO	National Audit Office
NCB	National Childrens Bureau
NEET	Not in education, employment or training
NEF	New Economics Foundation
NGOs	Non-governmental organisations
NSPCC	National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
PAT 12	Policy Action Team 12
PCF	Professional Capabilities Framework
PFI	Private Finance Initiative
PMDU	Prime Ministers Delivery Unit
SEU	Social Exclusion Unit
SWAN	Social Work Action Network
SWRB	Social Work Reform Board
SWTF	Social Work Task Force

First, I owe a huge debt to everyone who agreed to be interviewed as part of the research for this book, most of whom remain anonymous. At the beginning of the project, I doubted how many people would be willing to talk to me about their involvement in this area of policymaking. Thankfully, my scepticism was entirely misplaced, and throughout the project, I have been impressed by the willingness of interviewees to share their insights, as well as put me in touch with former colleagues.

The book started off as an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)-funded PhD research project at Durham University, beginning in 2012. I would like to thank friends and colleagues in Durham, but particularly Dr Danny Chow for encouraging me to apply for the studentship in the first place and for his support thereafter. I would also like to thank Professor Ray Jones for his help when I was writing up the PhD and for encouraging me to submit a book proposal to Policy Press. Colleagues at Kings College London, particularly Professor Jill Manthorpe, have also helped immeasurably with the task of turning the PhD thesis into something more readable. I am also very grateful to Sir Paul Ennals for his kind and thought-provoking foreword to the book. Finally, I owe my biggest debt of gratitude to Professor Martin Laffin for supporting me all the way through what turned out to be an eight-year project.

Sir Paul Ennals

Writing in late 2019, it can feel as if government policies are largely driven by dogma. The checks and balances that normally contribute to good policy formation seem far away. The role of evidence, the input of professional civil servants, the balancing views of key elements of civil society none of these seem visible. However, it is important to remember that it was not always like this and, indeed, that, even today, much policy is still being filtered through the proper processes before bursting into government implementation.

Back in 1989, the Children Act provided a textbook example of how effective policy can be developed. A group of civil servants with profound understanding of their topic were willing to engage openly and directly with those key agencies who were working with the issues that children faced. Local authorities were deeply involved, and so too were a plethora of voluntary organisations. Debates were open and honest; research evidence was commissioned and studied; children and families were consulted. The result was an Act that has stood the test of time and still provides the backbone to our systems for keeping children safe, delivered by a Conservative government under Secretary of State Ken Clarke.

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