THE STRUCTURE OF
SOVIET HISTORY
Essays and Documents
EDITED BY
RONALD GRIGOR SUNY
New York Oxford
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
2003
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Oxford University Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The structure of Soviet history : essays and documents / edited by Ronald Grigor Suny.
p. cm.
ISBN 1-951370-35- (cloth) ISBN 1-951370-43- (paper)
1. Soviet UnionHistorySources. I. Suny, Ronald Grigor.
DK266. A3 S78 2003
947dc21
2002025028
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
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To My Friend and Comrade
David Love
(19402002)
a man of exceptional grace and courage
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION: BACK TO THE FUTURE | xi |
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | xviii |
TRANSLITERATION AND DATING | xviii |
PART I | REVOLUTION AND CIVIL WAR | 1 |
| The Revolutions of 1917 | 3 |
Essays | Ronald Grigor Suny, Toward a Social History of the October Revolution | 6 |
Boris I. Kolonitskii, Antibourgeois Propaganda and Anti-'Burzhui' Consciousness in 1917 | 22 |
Documents | Order No. 1. | 32 |
A. F. Kerenskii's Statement in the Soviet of Workers' Deputies, March 2, 1917 | 35 |
Iraklii Tsereteli's Speech on Returning from Siberian Exile, March 1917 | 36 |
V. I. Lenin, The Tasks of the Proletariat in the Present Revolution ('April Theses') | 38 |
Tsereteli and Lenin's Exchange of Words During the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, June 34, 1917 | 41 |
Report of the Commissar of the Novoaleksandrovsk Uezd, Kovno Guberniia, June 14, 1917 | 43 |
V. I. Lenin, Letter to Central Committee Members, October 24, (November 6), 1917 | 45 |
| Civil War, Socialism, and Nationalism | 48 |
Essays | Peter Holquist, 'Information Is the Alpha and Omega of Our Work': Bolshevik Surveillance in Its Pan-European Context | 50 |
Documents | First Decrees of the New Soviet Government | 62 |
The Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly | 67 |
I. N. Steinberg, The Cheka is Cheated | 73 |
Iulii Martov's Letter to A. N. Stein, June 16, 1918 | 77 |
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Lenin's Letter to V. V. Kuraev, E. B. Bosh, A. E. Minkin, August 11, 1918 | 82 |
Lev Trotsky, Report on the Red Army to the First Congress of the Communist International, March 2, 1919 | 83 |
PART II | RETREAT AND REBUILDING | 87 |
| Politics, Society, and Culture in the 1920s | 89 |
Essays | Terry Martin, An Affirmative-Action Empire: The Emergence of the Soviet Nationalities Policy, 19191923 | 93 |
Documents | Aleksandra Kollontai, The Workers' Opposition, 1921 | 103 |
Resolutions of the Tenth Congress of the Russian Communist Party, On Party Unity and On the Syndicalist and Anarchist Deviation in Our Party, March 1921 | 112 |
Lenin's Letter to Stalin, July 17, 1922 | 117 |
V. I. Lenin, Letter to the Congress (December 2331, 1922) [Lenin's Testament] | 118 |
Bukharin and Dzerzhinskii Disagree About the Nature of Revolutionary Government, December 1924 | 124 |
Joseph Stalin, The October Revolution and the Tactics of the Russian Communists, December 17, 1924 | 126 |
Lev Kamenev, Speech to the Fourteenth Party Congress, December 1925 | 128 |
The Code of Laws on Marriage and Divorce, the Family and Guardianship, November 19, 1926 | 130 |
Kamenev-Bukharin Exchange, July 11, 1928 | 137 |
Kliment Voroshilov's Letter to Sergo Orjonikidze, June 8, 1929 | 139 |
Stalin's Letter to Molotov, Voroshilov, and Orjonikidze, September 30, 1929 | 140 |
Lev Kopelev, from To Be Preserved Forever | 140 |
PART III | STALINISM | 149 |
| The Stalin Revolution | 151 |
Essays | Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Bolshevik Invention of Class: Marxist Theory and the Making of 'Class Consciousness' in Soviet Society | 164 |
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James Von Geldern, The Centre and the Periphery: Cultural and Social Geography in the Mass Culture of the 1930s | 177 |
Nicholas S. Timasheff, World Revolution or Russia, from The Great Retreat | 188 |
Vera S. Dunham, The Big Deal | 198 |
Documents | Joseph Stalin, Dizzy with Success: Concerning Questions of the Collective Farm Movement, March 2, 1930 s | 209 |
Lev Kopelev, The Last Grain Collections (1933) | 212 |
I. V. Stalin, New ConditionsNew Tasks in Economic Construction, Stalin's Speech to a Conference of Economic Managers, June 23, 1931 | 22 |
Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), On the Teaching of Civic History in the Schools of the USSR, May 16, 1934 | 228 |
For the Fatherland! Editorial in Pravda, June 9, 1934 | 229 |
Stalin's Letter to Kosior and Chubar in Kharkov, January 2, 1930 | 232 |
Nadezhda Mandelstam, A May Night, excerpts from Hope Against Hope: A Memoir | 232 |
Stalin to All Members of the Central Committee of the All-Russian Communist Party, March 31, 1937 | 240 |
Stalin on the Arrests and Executions of Tukhachevskii, Iakir, Uborevich, and Others, June 11, 1937 | 241 |
Beria to Stalin on Counter-revolutionary Organization in
|