I MPERIAL P OLICY AND
S OUTHEAST A SIAN N ATIONALISM
NORDIC INSTITUTE OF ASIAN STUDIES
Studies in Asian Topics
12. I SLAM : STATE AND S OCIETY
Klaus Ferdinand and Mehdi Mozaffari (Editors)
13. A SIAN T RADE R OUTES
Karl Reinhold Hllquist (Editor)
14. H UNTING AND F ISHING IN A K AMMU V ILLAGE
Damrong Tayanin and Kristina Lindell
15. R ENEGOTIATING L OCAL V ALUES
Merete Lie and Ragnhild Lund
16. L EADERSHIP ON J AVA
Hans Antlv and Sven Cederroth (Editors)
17. V IETNAM IN A C HANGING W ORLD
Irene Nrlund, Vu Cao Dam and Carolyn Gates (Editors)
18. A SIAN P ERCEPTIONS OF N ATURE
Ole Bruun and Arne Kalland (Editors)
19. I MPERIAL P OLICY AND S OUTHEAST A SIAN N ATIONALISM , 19301957
Hans Antlv and Stein Tnnesson (Editors)
IMPERIAL POLICY
AND
SOUTHEAST ASIAN
NATIONALISM
19301957
edited by
Hans Antlv
and Stein Tnnesson
Nordic Institute of Asian Studies
Studies in Asian Topics, No. 19
First published 1995 by Roudedge
2 Park Square, Milton Park,
Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Transferred to Digital Printing 2007
ISBN 0-7007-0319-5
All rights reserved
Nordic Institute of Asian Studies 1995
While copyright as a whole
is vested in the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies,
copyright in the individual papers
belongs to the authors.
No paper may be reproduced in whole or part
without the express permission of
author, publisher or editors.
British Library Catalogue in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library
Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality
of this reprint but points out that some imperfections
in the original may be apparent
In memory of
Anders Tandrup
1942-1993
journalist, scholar and friend
Contents
Key: [i] Indonesian | [m] Malaysian |
[b] Burmese | [v] Vietnamese |
[j] Japanese |
adat [i/m] | tradition |
Angkatan 1945 [i] | Generation of 1945 |
Bahasa Indonesia [i/m] | Indonesia's national language |
bangsa Melayu [i/m] | the Malay race |
Barisan Pelopor [i] | Vanguard Column |
Dewan Rakyat [i/m] | People's Assemblies |
nh [v] | village communal temples |
c Lp [v] | independence |
n in [v] | military colonies |
Gerakan Rakyat Baru [i] | New People's Movement |
Giyu Tai [j] | Volunteer Corps |
Giyu Gun [j] | Volunteer Army |
Gunseikanbu [j] | Japanese military government |
haji [i/m] | a person who has completed the pilgrimage to Mecca |
Heiho [j] | Japanese-sponsored army in Indonesia |
Indonesia Raya [i/m] | Greater Indonesia |
kampung, kampong [i/m] | village |
Kenpeitai [j] | Japanese military police |
Khm Sai [v] | imperial delegate |
kraton [i] | royal court |
masa kosong [i] | empty period; power vacuum |
Melayu Raya [i/m] | Greater Malaya |
Mentri-mentri besar [m] | Prime Ministers |
Merdeka [i/m] | freedom; independence |
Moi [v] (mo in French) | derogative term for Montagnards |
Myochit [b] | Lovers of the Nation |
Panca Sila [i] | Five Pillars; the national ideology of Indonesia |
pangreh praja [i] | native civil service |
peci [i] | Islamic male headdress |
pemuda [i/m] | youth |
Peta [i/m) | Defenders of the Fatherland |
pongyis | Buddhist monks |
priyayi [i] | native aristocracy |
raja [i/m] | king; ruler |
rakyat [i/m] | common people |
Sang Merah Putih [i] | The Red and White (the Indonesian flag) |
Syonan [j] | Singapore |
thanh nin [v] | Youth |
AFO | Anti-Fascist Organisation (Burma) |
ALFSEA | Allied Land Forces South East Asia |
AMACAB | Allied Military Administration, Civil Affairs (formerly NICA Dutch) |
ANM | Arkib Negara Malaysia, National Archives, Kuala Lumpur |
AOM | Centre des Archives d'Outre Mer, Aix en Provence |
ARA(-II) | Algemeen Rijksarchief (Tweede Afdeling), The Hague |
AS | Algemene Secretarie (file in ARA) |
ASEAN | Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
AVDP | Archief Van der Plas (file in ARA) |
BB | Binnenlands Bestuur |
BMA | British Military Administration (Malaya) |
BTMSA | Bataillon des tirailleurs montagnards du Sud-Annam |
CAD-MvD, | Centraal Archieven Depot, Ministerie van Defensie, |
HKGS-NOI | Hoofdkwartier van de Generale Staf in Nederlands Oost-Indi |
CCP | Chinese Communist Party |
CG | Consul General |
CLC | Community Liaison Committee (British) |
CO | Colonial Office, London |
CPB | Communist Party of Burma |
CRA | Commonwealth Records Archives, Canberra |
DOS | Department of State, Washington, D.C. |
DRV | Democratic Republic of Vietnam |
ECAFE | Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East |
EFEO | cole Franaise d'Extrme-Orient |
FLHPC | Front de Libration des Hauts Plateaux du Champa |
FO | Foreign Office, London |
FULRO | Front Unifi de la Lutte des Races Opprimes |
GCMA | Groupes de Commandos Mixtes Aeroports |
GPO | Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. |
HMG | His/Her Majesty's Government |
HMSO | His/Her Majesty's Stationery Office |
ICP | Indochinese Communist Party |
INF | Indochine Nouveau Fonds (file in AOM) |
KNIL | Koninklijk Nederlands-Indisch Leger |
KNTW | Het koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de tweede wereldoorlog |
KRIS | Kesatuan [Kerajaan] Rakyat Indonesia Semenanjung, Union of Peninsular Indonesians |
KVP | Katholieke Volkspartij (Dutch) |
MCA | Malayan Chinese Association |
MCP | Malayan Communist Party |
MIC | Malayan Indian Congress |
MMP | Malcolm MacDonald Papers, Durham University |