Klaus Ferdinand - Islam: State And Society

SCANDINAVIAN INSTITUTE OF ASIAN STUDIES
STUDIES ON ASIAN TOPICS
GENERAL EDITOR: KARL REINHOLD HAELLQUIST

ISLAM: STATE AND SOCIETY

SCANDINAVIAN INSTITUTE OF ASIAN STUDIES

1. THE METHOD OF HOLDING THE THREE ONES

Poul Andersen

2. CATALOGUE OF CHINESE MANUSCRIPTS IN DANISH ARCHIVES

Erik Baark

3. INDIA-CHINA COMPARATIVE RESEARCH

Eric Baark and Jon Sigurdson (Editors)

4. THE KAMMU YEAR

Kristina Lindell et al.

6. WOMEN IN ISLAMIC SOCIETIES

Bo Utas (Editor)

7. WOMEN IN RURAL CHINA

Vibeke Hemmel and Pia Sindbjerg

8. LEADERSHIP ON THE CHINA COAST

Gran Aijmer (Editor)

9. CHINA IN THE 1980s AND BEYOND

Birthe Arendrup et al. (Editors)

10. RICE SOCIETIES: ASIAN PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

Irene Nrlund et al. (Editors)

11. SOUTH ASIAN RELIGION AND SOCIETY

Asko Parpola and Bent Smidt Hanson (Editors)

12. ISLAM: STATE AND SOCIETY

Klus Ferdinand and Mehdi Mozaffari (Editors)

STUDIES ON ASIAN TOPICS NO. 12

ISLAM: STATE AND SOCIETY

Edited by

KLAUS FERDINAND
and
MEHDI MOZAFFARI

SCANDINAVIAN INSTITUTE OF ASIAN STUDIES
Njalsgade 84, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark

First published 1988 in the United Kingdom by
RoutledgeCurzon, 2 Park Square, Milton Park,
Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Transferred to Digital Printing 2005

ISBN 0 7007 0194 X

All rights reserved

Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, 1988

Exclusively distributed in India by
Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
13-14 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi-110002
and at
Ahmedabad Bangalore Bombay Calcutta
Hyderabad Lucknow Madras

MOHAMMED ARKOUN

ASGER CHRISTENSEN

HICHEM DJAT

KLAUS FERDINAND

MAHMOOD A. GHAZI

JAN HJRPE

GASYM MAMED OGLU KERIMOV

ANN K. S. LAMBTON

TUOMO MELASUO

MEHDI MOZAFFARI

MAJA NAUR

NIELS HENRIK OLESEN

GORM RYE OLSEN

ANNIKA RABO

JRGEN BK SIMONSEN

CHRISTOPHER TOLL

In editing this book, the individual preferences of the contributors concerning spelling and style have been observed, and so no attempt has been made towards a standardized presentation throughout the work. Uniformity within each paper has, however, been the objective.

In 1982, the Danish Research Council for the Humanities initiated a research programme on Contemporary Islamic Studies (Islam i Nutiden). The objective of this programme was to promote and develop Islamic research in Denmark.

The background to this initiative was the appreciably growing cultural, social and political importance of Islam within the Muslim societies and in the international arena. Denmark has long-standing historical relations with the Muslim countries. The works of Carsten Niebuhr (17331815) still constitute a valuable source of acquaintance with this part of the world, which continue to inspire the research of many specialists from different disciplines. Since the 1960s, a new chapter has been opened in Danish-Islamic relations. During this period the Muslim countries have become politically and economically more and more important; Denmark, as an exporting country, has consequently taken an interest in ameliorating its knowledge of the cultural, societal, political and religious character of its Muslim partners. In addition to that, a significant number of Muslims, especially people coming from Turkey, Pakistan, Yugoslavia and North Africa, had established themselves in Denmark in the 1960s and 1970s. As a result, Islam has become the country's second-largest religion after Christianity.

The research programme started in 1982 with the project Islam: State and Society, in which an interdisciplinary group of researchers took part. It was also under this project that an international symposium was held at the University of Aarhus 30 August 1 September 1984. The present volume contains the revised papers of this symposium. Much to our regret, we could not integrate the paper of Dr. John Duke Anthony into this volume. His paper was entitled Islam and Society in the Persian Gulf.

As organisers of the symposium, we would like to express our deep gratitude to all participants, and especially to the authors and discussants. We feel particularly indebted to Professor Ann K. S. Lambton, who has taken the trouble to read all the manuscripts and write an enlightening foreword to this volume. We are grateful, too, to the University of Aarhus for housing the symposium and to the Danish Research Council for the Humanities for its financial support to the symposium, including the publication of papers. Finally we want to express our thanks to the Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies for facilitating the appearance of this book.