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Csaba Nikolenyi - Institutional Design and Party Government in Post-Communist Europe

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This books examines the institutional foundations of coalition government in the ten post-communist democracies of Eastern and Central Europe for the 1990-2010 period: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Its central argument is that differences in the arrangement of political institutions systematically explain variations in patterns of multi-party government across these states. The book starts with the premise that electoral systems and constitutional provisions about the powers, the structure, and the relationship between parliament and the presidency determine the degree to which political power is dispersed or concentrated in the political system. On the basis of these institutional features, three groups of states are distinguished with regard to their degree of power concentration; the substantive chapters of the book demonstrate how these institutional combinations and differences shape three specific facets of party government which capture the main stages of the lifecycle of coalitions governments: the formation of electoral coalitions, government formation and government duration. Specifically, three comparative chapters assess the impact of institutional power concentration on the size of electoral coalitions; the likelihood that political parties form a minority government; and the number of days that a government lasts in office. The main finding of the book is that power concentration matters: political parties in those democracies where institutions are designed to concentrate political power tend to form large electoral coalitions, they tend to form majority rather than undersized governments, and they build more durable cabinets. In addition, the book contains a detailed case study of government formation in Hungary and a previously unstudied comparison of indirect presidential elections in four states: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Latvia.
Comparative Politics is a series for students, teachers, and researchers of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterised by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit: www.ecprnet.eu.

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Institutional Design and Party Government
in Post-Communist Europe
Csaba Nikolenyi

Comparative Politics is a series for students, teachers, and researchers of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterized by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit www.ecprnet.eu

The Comparative Politics series is edited by Kenneth Carty, Professor of Political Science, University of British Columbia; Ferdinand Mller-Rommel, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy, Leuphana University; and Emilie van Haute, Professor of Political Science, Universit libre de Bruxelles.

OTHER TITLES IN THIS SERIES

Representing the People

A Survey Among Members of Statewide and Substate Parliaments

Edited by Kris Deschouwer and Sam Depauw

New Parties in Old Party Systems

Persistence and Decline in Seventeen Democracies

Nicole Bolleyer

The Limits of Electoral Reform

Shaun Bowler and Todd Donovan

The Challenges of Intra-Party Democracy

Edited by William P. Cross and Richard S. Katz

If Money Talks, What Does it Say?

Corruption and Business Financing of Political Parties

Iain McMenamin

The Gendered Effects of Electoral Institutions

Political Engagement and Participation

Miki Caul Kittilson and Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer

The Strain of Representation

How Parties Represent Diverse Voters in Western and Eastern Europe

Robert Rohrschneider and Stephen Whitefield

Party Patronage and Party Government in European Democracies

Edited by Petr Kopeck, Peter Mair, and Maria Spirova

Organizing Democratic Choice

Party Representation Over Time

Ian Budge, Michael McDonald, Paul Pennings, and Hans Keman

Challenging the State Devolution and the Battle for Partisan Credibility

A Comparison of Belgium, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom

Sonia Alonso

  • Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP,
  • United Kingdom
  • Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
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  • Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
  • Csaba Nikolenyi 2014
  • The moral rights of the author have been asserted
  • First Edition published in 2014
  • Impression: 1
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  • prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted
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  • above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the
  • address above
  • You must not circulate this work in any other form
  • and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
  • Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
  • 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
  • British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
  • Data available
  • Library of Congress Control Number: 2013956533
  • ISBN 9780199675302
  • Printed in Great Britain by
  • CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
(p.v) To my Andrea,

Contents - photo 1

Contents

(p.vi) Acknowledgements

I owe a deep gratitude to my colleagues, friends, students, and my family whose encouragement and support has made this book possible. My very special thanks to Ken Carty, Reuven Hazan, Bernard Grofman, Steven B. Wolinetz, Keith Dowding, Shaul Shenhav, Ian McAllistar, Bjorn-Erik Rasch, Hanna Beck, and Patrick Dumont for their comments and feedback on earlier drafts in conferences, workshops, and seminars. The Department of Political Science at the Hebrew University, the Department of Political Science at Concordia University, and the Center for European Studies of the Australian National University provided me with opportunities to present and discuss the work at different stages. My research would not have been possible without the generous financial assistance provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Concordia University, and the Center for European Studies of the Australian National University. I was fortunate to have at my disposal the able and dedicated assistance of a number of graduate and undergraduate research assistants from the Department of Political Science at Concordia University. My very special thanks to Dr Marat Grebennikov, Nancy Yacoub, Randy Pinsky, and Brent Gerchicoff. I am indebted to Oxford University Press for the reviewers helpful comments as well as the speed and efficiency of the editorial team. Any mistake, error of commission, or omission remains, of course, my own. Concordia Universitys Faculty of Arts of Science allowed me to spend time away from my teaching and service duties and accept a Visiting Fellowship from the Center for European Studies of the Australian National University during the critical final stage of finishing the manuscript in December 2012.

My wife, Andrea, was a constant source of support and encouragement in times of doubt. My work would never haven been completed without her help and questioning spirit. My father, Gabor, Zsuzsanna, and my in-laws, Drs Csilla and George Gondos have been supportive in many more ways than one can imagine to help my dreams come true. My interest in political life was inspired by my dear mother, Edit, who passed away much too young and early to see this work completed. I remain in her debt forever.

(p.viii) List of Figures
  1. 4.1

  2. 7.1

  3. 8.1

(p.ix) List of Tables
  1. 1.1

  2. 2.1

  3. 2.2

  4. 2.3

  5. 2.4

  6. 3.1

  7. 3.2

  8. 3.3

  9. 3.4

  10. 4.1

  11. 4.2

  12. 4.3

  13. 4.4

  14. 4.5

  15. 5.1

  16. 5.2

  17. 5.3

  18. 6.1

  19. 6.2

  20. 7.1

  21. 7.2

  22. 7.3

  23. 7.4

Introduction

1.1 Multi-Party Government in East Central Europe

In their seminal study on the politics of multi-party government, Laver and Schofield pointed out that [f]or most of Western Europe, the politics of coalition lie at the heart of business of representative government (1990: 1). Twenty years later Strom, Mller-Rommel and Bergman have reiterated the same point by noting that [o]ver the course of the twentieth century, the proportional version of parliamentarism has become the most common form of democratic governance, and nowhere is it more dominant than in Western Europe.Because proportional systems rarely reward any party with a parliamentary majority, this form of government depends on and is conducive to inter-party bargaining over high stakes (2010: 403). Evidently, there is no denying of the importance of coalition politics in Western Europe. However, proportional parliamentarism has become an equally common and dominant form of organizing the new post-communist democracies of East and Central Europe (ECE), and yet a systematic study of post-communist party coalition is sorely lacking in the comparative literature (Mller-Rommel, Fettelschoss and Harfst ).

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