Aboriginals and
the Mining
Industry
Case studies of
the Australian experience
DAVID COUSINS
JOHN NIEUWENHUYSEN
| Committee for Economic Development of Australia George Allen & Unwin Sydney London Boston |
David Cousins and John Nieuwenhuysen 1984
This book is copyright under the Berne Convention.
No reproduction without permission.
All rights reserved.
First published in 1984 by
George Allen & Unwin Australia Pty Ltd
8 Napier Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060 Australia
George Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd
18 Park Lane, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 4TE
England
Allen & Unwin Inc
9 Winchester Terrace, Winchester, Mass 01890 USA
National Library of Australia
Cataloguing-in-Publication entry:
Cousins, David.
Aboriginals and the mining industry.
Bibliography.
Includes Index.
ISBN 0 86861 263 4.
ISBN 0 86861 271 5 (pbk.).
eISBN 978 1 74269 650 8
1. Mineral industries Australia.
[2]. Aborigines, Australian Economic
conditions. I. Nieuwenhuysen, J.P. (John
Peter), 1937- . II. Title.
338.2'0994
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 83-72738
Contents
Tables
Maps
Abbreviations
ABTF | Aboriginal Benefit Trust Fund |
AIAS | Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies |
AJV | Ashton Joint Venture |
AMAX | AMAX Limited |
AMIC | Australian Mining Industry Council |
ANPWS | Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service |
APEA | Australian Petroleum and Refinery Association Limited |
ASARCO | American Smelting and Refinery Company Incorporated |
AWU | Australian Workers Union |
BHP | Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited |
CES | Commonwealth Employment Service |
CMS | (Anglican) Church Missionary Society |
COMALCO | COMALCO Limited |
CRA | Conzinc Riotinto of Australia Limited |
CRAE | Conzinc Riotinto of Australia Exploration Proprietary Limited |
CRAFT | Commonwealth Rebate for Apprentices of Full-Time Training |
CSR | CSR Limited |
DAA | Department of Aboriginal Affairs |
DAIA | Department of Aboriginal and Islander Affairs |
DEIR | Department of Employment and Industrial Relations |
ELDO | European Launcher Development Organisation |
GA | Gagudju Association |
GEAT | Groote Eylandt Aboriginal Trust |
GEMCO | Groote Eylandt Mining Company Proprietary Limited |
HAPA | Hedland Aboriginal Progress Association Incorporated |
KASH | Kalkadoon Aboriginal Sobriety House |
KLC | Kimberley Land Council |
NABALCO | North Australian Bauxite and Alumina Company Limited |
NLC | Northern Land Council |
MIM | Mount Isa Mines Limited |
MNM | Mount Newman Mining Company Proprietary Limited |
PANCON | Pancontinental Mining Limited |
PNG | Papua New Guinea |
QML | Queensland Mines Limited |
RAAF | Royal Australian Air Force |
RUM | Ranger Uranium Mines Proprietary Limited |
TAFE | (College of) Technical and Further Education |
TSI | Torres Strait Islander |
TWU | Transport Workers Union |
WAS | Weipa Aboriginal Society |
YBE | Yirrkala Business Enterprises Proprietary Limited |
YES | Youth Employment Scheme (Mount Isa Mines Limited) |
Acknowledgements
The Department of Aboriginal Affairs (DAA) provided finance for the employment of Dr David Cousins as a research fellow in the Economics Department of the University of Melbourne during 1982, to work on this project. The support of DAA is gratefully acknowledged. Although its resources are severely strained, the University did what it could to assist production, and we wish to thank the Economics Department (and in particular its current chairman, Jack Sullivan) for providing a home for the work.
Many people assisted with the study. We are particularly indebted to the following: Roger Dobb, Lawrie Poland, Noel Jones, Ken Wanganeen, John Airey, Bill Gray, Ian Hooper, Robert Draffin, Bob Hogg (DAA); Charles Perkins, Gatjil Djerrkura, John Connelly (Aboriginal Development Commission); Tom Gibson, Sue Ludberg, David Weir, John Hayes (Department of Employment and Industrial Relations); Gerry Blitner, Helen McFarlan, Mike Casey (Northern Land Council); Don Egan, Dean Bunney, Karl Stewart, Bill Johnson, Karen McLeod (COMALCO Ltd); Bob Challen, Barry Mathias, Peter Beard, Paula Sweeney, Andrew Bryson (Mount Isa Mines Ltd); Jim Strong, Barry Owens, Bruce Roberts, Peter Ross, Ken Ives (NABALCO Pty Ltd); Rob Harden, John Moyle, Peter Duminy (Broken Hill Pty Co. Ltd); Allan Wright, Richard Henderson, George Baker (Groote Eylandt Mining Co. Ltd); Greg Smith, Alan McIntosh (Ranger Uranium Mines Pty Ltd); John Gee, Peter Bailey, Al Samuels (Queensland Mines Ltd); Chris Viner-Smith (Pancontinental Mining Ltd); Barry Naylor, Tony Green, Trevor Levien, Nick Renson (Mount Newman Mining Co. Pty Ltd); Doug Mathews, Bob Jackson (Hammersley Iron Pty Ltd); Mike Bell, Mike Sweeney, John McLeod (CRA Ltd); Neil Butcher (Ashton Joint Venture); Tony Brown (CSR Ltd); Andy Easton (Yirrkala Business Enterprises Pty Ltd); Allan Garraway (Garraway and Partners); Ken Patterson (Australian Mining Industry Council); Jean Jimmy (Weipa South); Johnika Rika, Dhungula (Yirrkala); Jimbana Lalara, Nandjiwarra Amagula, Lance Tremlett, Henry Grey (Angurugu); Glenis Sibosado (Hedland Aboriginal Progress Association); Dr H. C. Coombs, Dr David Penny, Dr Nicholas Peterson, Dr Jon Altman, Professor E. K. Fisk (Australia National University); Dr Peter Loveday (North Australia Research Unit); Sue Kestervan (Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies); Charlie Butcher (Australian Workers Union); and Frank Guivana (Transport Workers Union). It hardly needs to be said that the opinions expressed in the book are not necessarily shared by any of the people listed above.
DAA and the Committee for Economic Development of Australia (CEDA) gave financial support for the production of the book. We are grateful also to Mr Charles Perkins, Chairman of the Aboriginal Development Commission, for providing the Foreword.
Finally we thank Rosemary Thompson, Anne Marsden and Jenny Gibson of the University of Melbourne and Ann Goldate of CEDA for assistance at various stages with typing.