Michael P. Roth and Sukey Garcetti have endowed this imprint to honor the memory of their parents, Julia and Harry Roth, whose deep love of music they wish to share with others.
The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the Music in America Endowment Fund of the University of California Press Foundation, which was established by a major gift from Sukey and Gil Garcetti, Michael P. Roth, and the Roth Family Foundation.
Publication of this book was also supported by a grant from the H. Earle Johnson Fund of the Society for American Music.
Publication of this book was also supported by a grant from the Gustave Reese Endowment of the American Musicological Society, funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
CALIFORNIA STUDIES IN 20TH-CENTURY MUSIC
Richard Taruskin, General Editor
Revealing Masks: Exotic Influences and Ritualized Performance in Modernist Music Theater, by W. Anthony Sheppard
Russian Opera and the Symbolist Movement, by Simon Morrison
German Modernism: Music and the Arts, by Walter Frisch
New Music, New Allies: American Experimental Music in West Germany from the Zero Hour to Reunification, by Amy Beal
Bartk, Hungary, and the Renewal of Tradition: Case Studies in the Intersection of Modernity and Nationality, by David E. Schneider
Classic Chic: Music, Fashion, and Modernism, by Mary E. Davis
Music Divided: Bartks Legacy in Cold War Culture, by Danielle Fosler-Lussier
Jewish Identities: Nationalism, Racism, and Utopianism in Twentieth-Century Art Music, by Klra Mricz
Brecht at the Opera, by Joy H. Calico
Beautiful Monsters: Imagining the Classic in Musical Media, by Michael Long
Experimentalism Otherwise: The New York Avant-Garde and Its Limits, by Benjamin Piekut
Music and the Elusive Revolution: Cultural Politics and Political Culture in France, 19681981, by Eric Drott
Music and Politics in San Francisco: From the 1906 Quake to the Second World War, by Leta E. Miller
Frontier Figures: American Music and the Mythology of the American West, by Beth E. Levy
In Search of a Concrete Music, by Pierre Schaeffer, translated by Christine North and John Dack
The Musical Legacy of Wartime France, by Leslie A. Sprout
Arnold Schoenbergs A Survivor from Warsaw in Postwar Europe, by Joy H. Calico
Music in Americas Cold War Diplomacy, by Danielle Fosler-Lussier
Music in Americas Cold War Diplomacy
DANIELLE FOSLER-LUSSIER
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu.
University of California Press
Oakland, California
2015 by The Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fosler-Lussier, Danielle, 1969 author.
Music in Americas Cold War diplomacy / Danielle Fosler-Lussier.
pages cm. (California studies in 20th-century music ; no. 18)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 9780-520-28413-5 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN 9780-520-95978-1 (ebook)
1. United States. Department of State. Cultural Presentations ProgramHistory20th century. 2. Music in intercultural communicationUnited StatesHistory20th century. 3. Arts and diplomacyUnited StatesHistory20th century. 4. Music and globalizationUnited StatesHistory20th century. 5. United StatesCultural policyHistory20th century. 6. United StatesForeign relationsCommunist countriesHistory20th century.
ML3917.U6F67 2015
780.7873dc232014031326
Manufactured in the United States of America
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
In keeping with a commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Natures Natural, a fiber that contains 30% post-consumer waste and meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z 39.481992 ( R 1997) ( Permanence of Paper ).
For the ambassadors
Contents
AT HTTP://MUSICDIPLOMACY.ORG:
Database of Cultural Presentations
Selected Sources
Appendices:
1.1. Cultural Presentations Budgets, 1961-1974
1.2. Programs of the Claremont Quartet, 1965 Latin American Tour
2.1. Recordings of William Strickland Conducting Japanese Orchestras
2.2. Recordings by Akeo Watanabe and the Japan Philharmonic Released on CRI
2.3. Stricklands Scandinavian Recordings for CRI
2.4. American Works Recorded by the Polish National Radio Orchestra with Polish Conductors and Orchestras
2.5. Recordings by the Polish National Radio Orchestra, Strickland Conducting
Illustrations
Acknowledgments
I am deeply grateful to the musicians and diplomats who generously offered their time and knowledge to make this project come to life. Among them, Richard Crawford stands out, not only for the vividness of his recollections but also for the probing questions he asked me during our interview and his subsequent support of this project. Susie Crofut, Joe Mallare, Lanny Austin, Rudy Grasha, Kyle Lehning, Barry Campbell, Walter Denny, and Bruce Fisher graciously allowed me access to their personal collections of photographs, audio recordings, and other documents about their tours.
As ever, I appreciate Richard Taruskins keen editorial eye and unflagging enthusiasm. I am indebted to Peter Schmelz, Emily Abrams Ansari, and Tim Scholl for years of good conversation about cultural diplomacy, for sharing relevant sources, and for suggestions on portions of this work. Nicholas Cull, Beth E. Levy, Nathaniel G. Lew, Maribeth Clark, Leslie Sprout, Eric Fosler-Lussier, and an anonymous reader provided valuable comments on the manuscript. Ryan Thomas Skinner, Steve Swayne, and Dorothy Noyes offered supportive feedback, as did the members of my graduate seminar, Dana Plank-Blasko, Matthew Campbell, Cole Harrison, and Heike Hoffer. Laura Belmonte shared a key source at the right moment. Lisa Jakelski and Cindy Bylander helped me interpret Polish materials. Hye-jung Park translated Japanese and Korean sources, and Emily Erken located and translated Russian-language documents. I am grateful to Jennifer Siegel for Russian language consultation and to Julian Halliday for typesetting Figure 2.
Many helpful archivists made my research a pleasure. Particular thanks go to David Langbart at the National Archives; Ricky Riccardi and Lesley Zlabinger at the Louis Armstrong House Museum; John Pollack at the Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania; Nancy Wicklund and Amy Kimura at Westminster Choir College of Rider University; Dan Morgenstern, Elizabeth Surles, and Tad Hershorn at the Institute of Jazz Studies at Rutgers University; Ken Grossi at the Oberlin College Archives; Susan Stafura of the Duquesne University Tamburitzans; and Wendy Chmielewski at the Swarthmore College Peace Collection. At various times I have benefited from research assistance from Deborah Ruhl, Jeannette Getzin, Angela Black, Lauren Owens Galle, Paul Covey, Robert Lintott, N. Michael Goecke, Jennifer Stevens, Matthew Campbell, Chelsea Hodge, Austin McCabe-Juhnke, and James Naumann. Eric Fosler-Lussier coauthored the website accompanying this book.