1901
DArcy Concession
1905 December
Bastinadoing of merchants
1906 July
Protest in British legation
1906 August
Royal promise of constitution
1906 October
First Majles opens
1907 August
Anglo-Russian Convention
1908
First oil well
1908 June
Coup dtat
1909
Anglo-Persian Oil Company formed
1909 July
Revolutionaries capture Tehran
1909 November
Second Majles opens
1911
Russian ultimatum
1912
British Navy converts from coal to oil
1919 August
Anglo-Persian Agreement
1921 February
Coup dtat
1925
Constituent Assembly terminates the Qajar dynasty
1926
Coronation of Reza Shah
1927
Abolition of capitulations
1928
New dress code
1933
Cancellation of DArcy Concession
1934
Official name change of Persia to Iran
1941 August
Anglo-Soviet invasion
1951
Oil nationalization
1953
CIA coup
1963
White Revolution
1974
Quadrupling of oil prices
1975
Creation of Resurgence Party
1979 February
Islamic Revolution
1979 November
Students take the US embassy
December
Referendum for the Islamic constitution
1980 January
Bani-Sadr elected president
1980 September
Iraq invades Iran
1981 June
Mojahedin uprising; Bani-Sadr dismissed; Khamenei elected President
1983
Iran invades Iraq
1988
IranIraq War ends
1989
Khomeini dies; Khamenei elected Supreme Leader; Rafsanjani elected president
1997
Khatemi elected president
2001
Khatemi reelected president
2005
Ahmadinejad elected president
Glossary
akhund
derogatory term for cleric ( rouhani)
arbab
landlord
ashraf
aristocrat
ayan
notable
ayatollah
high-ranking cleric (lit. sign of god)
basej
support volunteer fighters (lit. mobilized)
chadour
long-covering for women (lit. tent)
dowlat
government, state
faqeh
expert on feqh (religious law)
fatwa
religious pronouncement
fedayi
fighter; self-sacrificer
hakim
lieutenant-governor
hojjat al-islam
middle-ranking cleric (lit. proof of Islam)
husseinieh
religious center
kadkhuda
headman
keshvar
country, kingdom, state
komiteh
committee
mahalleh
district, town ward
majles
meeting, parliament
maraj-e taqled
most senior authorities of the law (singular marja-e taqled )
mehan
nation, country, homeland, fatherland/motherland
mellat
nation, people
melli
national
mojahed
fighter; crusader
mojtahed
high-ranking cleric
mostazafen
the meek, oppressed, exploited, wretched of the earth
mostowfi
accountant
mullah
derogatory term for cleric ( rouhani)
pasdar
guards
qanat
underground canal
qazi
judge
rouhani
cleric
rousari
headscarf
rowshanfekr
intelligentsia, intellectual
sayyed
male descendant of the Prophet
shahed
martyr
sharia
religious law
takiyeh
religious theater
taziyeh
passion play
tuyul
fief
ulama
clergy
urf
state or customary law
vali
governor
vaqf
religious endowment (plural awqaf )
vatan
homeland, place of birth
velayat-e faqeh
guardianship of the jurist
vezir
minister
A political whos who of modern Iran
AHMAD SHAH (18961929)
The last Qajar monarch. He ascended the throne in 1909 while still a minor and did not come of age until 1914. Lacking real power and fearful for his life, he left the country soon after the 1921 coup. He died in Paris and was buried in Karbala.
AHMADINEJAD, MAHMUD (1956 )
The conservative president elected in 2005. Son of a blacksmith and veteran of the Iraqi war, he won the presidential election campaigning on populist themes. He promised to distribute the oil wealth to the people, revive the revolutionary ideals of Khomeini, and deliver a final blow to the one thousand families who have supposedly ruled the country for centuries. He was supported by some of the most conservative ulama.
ALAM, ASSADALLAH (191978)
The main confidant of Muhammad Reza Shah. From a long line of notables in Sistan and Baluchestan known as the Lords of the Marches, he joined the court in 1946 and served as an advisor to the shah until his death at the beginning of the revolution. Some speculate that his absence explains the shahs vacillations in 197778 and thus the eventual revolution. His posthumously published memoirs, however, support the view that he was very much part of the larger problem.