Howard Ball - War Crimes and Justice: A Reference Handbook (Contemporary World Issues)

Cover

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A Reference Handbook

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Other Titles in ABC-CLIOs
CONTEMPORARY
WORLD ISSUES
Series

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Biodiversity, Anne Becher

Endangered Species, Clifford J. Sherry

Environmental Justice, David E. Newton

Genetic Engineering, Harry LeVine III

Indoor Pollution, E. Willard Miller & Ruby M. Miller

Natural Disasters: Floods, E. Willard Miller & Ruby M. Miller

Natural Disasters: Hurricanes, Patrick J. Fitzpatrick

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Nuclear Power, Harry Henderson

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Recycling in America, 2d Edition, Debra L. Strong

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Urban Sprawl, Donald D. Williams

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Books in the Contemporary World Issues series address vital issues in todays society such as terrorism, sexual harassment, homelessness, AIDS, gambling, animal rights, and air pollution. Written by professional writers, scholars, and nonacademic experts, these books are authoritative, clearly written, up-to-date, and objective. They provide a good starting point for research by high school and college students, scholars, and general readers, as well as by legislators, businesspeople, activists, and others.

Each book, carefully organized and easy to use, contains an overview of the subject; a detailed chronology; biographical sketches; facts and data and/or documents and other primary-source material; a directory of organizations and agencies; annotated lists of print and nonprint resources; a glossary; and an index.

Readers of books in the Contemporary World Issues series will find the information they need in order to better understand the social, political, environmental, and economic issues facing the world today.

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War Crimes and Justice

A Reference Handbook

Howard Ball

CONTEMPORARY
WORLD ISSUES

Santa Barbara, California Denver, Colorado Oxford, England

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Copyright 2002 by Howard Ball

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ball, Howard, 1937
War crimes and justice : a reference handbook / Howard Ball.
p. cm. (Contemporary world issues)
Includes index.
ISBN 1-57607-899-X (hbk. : alk. paper)
1. War crimes. 2. War crime trials. 3. International criminal
courts. 4. War (International law) I. Title. II. Series.
K5301 .B35 2002
341.6'9dc21
2002014681

06 05 04 03 02 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Dedicated to the innocent victims of armed conflict
Victims are entitled to justice. Offenders deserve
punishment. The world needs to establish a historic record
of major international crimes, if for no other reason than
to establish the truth and to educate future generations.
Maybe then we can deter potential criminals and avoid the
repetition of those crimes. Otherwise, we are condemned to
repeat the mistakes of the past.
Cherif Bassiouni

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Acknowledgments, xiii

Preface, xv

Chapter 1 Introduction,

Defining War Crimes,

Establishment of International Laws of War,

Historical Perspective,

Legal Sources for the Laws of War,

International Ad Hoc War Crimes Tribunals Since 1945,

Conclusion,

References,

Chapter 2 The Pursuit of Justice: Current Issues, Controversies, and Possible Solutions,

The Toll on Civilians Since 1945,

No Peace Without Justice: Current Issues,

Trying Heads of State,

Hybrid International Criminal Courts,

Truth and Reconciliation Commissions,

The Permanent International Criminal Court,

Conclusion,

References,

Chapter 3 International Laws of War: A Chronology of Major Treaties and Events in Armed Conflicts that Triggered their Adoption, 18562002,

Chronology,

Conclusion,

References,

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Chapter 4 People and Events,

Chapter 5 Major Treaties and Reports,

Major Treaties (Excerpts),

Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Wounded and Sick of Armies in the Field, 1864,

Hague Declaration, II, IV, Final Act, 1899,

Hague Convention III, 1907,

Geneva Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, 1925,

Treaty of Paris (Kellogg-Briand Pact for the Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy), 1928,

Red Cross Convention Regarding the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded and Sick of Armies in the Field, 1929,

Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 1929,

Nuremberg Principles, 1946, 1950,

UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948,

The Four Geneva Conventions, 1949,

Geneva Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, 1977; Geneva Protocol II Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts, 1977,

UN Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, 1993,

UN Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, 1994,