Laura Chappell - The EU, Strategy and Security Policy: Regional and Strategic Challenges

First published 2016

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2016 selection and editorial matter, Laura Chappell, Jocelyn Mawdsley and Petar Petrov; individual chapters, the contributors

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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Chappell, Laura, 1980 editor. | Mawdsley, Jocelyn, editor. |

Petrov, Petar, editor.

Title: The EU, strategy and security policy : regional and strategic

challenges / edited by Laura Chappell, Jocelyn Mawdsley and Petar

Petrov.

Other titles: European Union, strategy and security policy

Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2016. |

Series: Routledge studies in European security and strategy | Includes

bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016000878| ISBN 9781138899483 (hardback) |

ISBN 9781315707846 (ebk)

Subjects: LCSH: Common Security and Defence Policy. | Security,

InternationalEuropean Union countries. | National securityEuropean

Union countriesInternational cooperation. | European Union countries

Military policy. | European Union countriesDefenses.

Classification: LCC JZ6009.E85 E86 2016 | DDC 355/.03354dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016000878

ISBN: 978-1-138-89948-3 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-315-70784-6 (ebk)

Typeset in Times New Roman

by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear

Routledge Studies in European Security and Strategy

Series editors: Sven Biscop

Egmont Royal Institute for International Relations, Belgium

and

Richard Whitman

University of Kent, UK

The aim of this series is to bring together the key experts on European security from the academic and policy worlds, and assess the state of play of the EU as an international security actor. The series explores the EU, and its member states, security policy and practices in a changing global and regional context. While the focus is on the politico-military dimension, security is put in the context of the holistic approach advocated by the EU.

Tactical Nuclear Weapons and Euro-Atlantic Security

The future of NATO

Edited by Paolo Foradori

The EU and Military Operations

A comparative analysis

Katarina Engberg

The EU and Effective Multilateralism

Internal and external reform practices

Edited by Edith Drieskens and Louise van Schaik

EU Foreign Policy and Crisis Management Operations

Power, purpose and domestic politics

Benjamin Pohl

EU Foreign Policy, Transitional Justice and Mediation

Principle, policy and practice

Laura Davis

The European Defence Agency

Arming Europe

Edited by Nikolaos Karampekios and Iraklis Oikonomou

EU Security Policy and Crisis Management

A quest for coherence

Nicole Koenig

The EU, Strategy and Security Policy

Regional and strategic challenges

Edited by Laura Chappell, Jocelyn Mawdsley and Petar Petrov

Contents

LAURA CHAPPELL, JOCELYN MAWDSLEY AND PETAR PETROV

ANA E. JUNCOS

RONJA KEMPIN AND RONJA SCHELER

WOLFGANG MHLBERGER AND PATRICK MLLER

RHYS MERRETT

ALISTAIR J.K. SHEPHERD

ANDR BARRINHA AND HELENA CARRAPIO

MICHAEL E. SMITH

JULIA SCHMIDT

SIMON DUKE AND SOPHIE VANHOONACKER

LAURA CHAPPELL, JOCELYN MAWDSLEY AND RICHARD WHITMAN

DAVID J. GALBREATH AND SIMON J. SMITH

LAURA CHAPPELL, JOCELYN MAWDSLEY AND PETAR PETROV

We would like to thank the University Association for Contemporary European Studies (UACES) for their generous support of the Collaborative Research Network (CRN) on CSDP Strategy and in particular Luke Foster for his kindness and professionalism, which led to this book. We would also like to thank all of the participants within the three workshops for their ideas, support and the stimulating discussions, which arose through these. We are particularly appreciative of our colleagues at the EGMONT Institute and the co-convenor of the CRN, Sven Biscop, for his support, particularly when choosing good restaurants. Thanks are also due to our students of EU external relations at Newcastle, Surrey and Maastricht for their interest and curiosity, which helped us shape some of the themes within this edited collection. Finally, the three editors would like to thank their family and friends from within academia and outside for their support.

7
The EUs emerging security actorness in cyberspace

Andr Barrinha and Helena Carrapio

Introduction

The importance of cybersecurity, in its different facets, has accelerated exponentially, accompanying the digital revolution in industry, households and state infrastructures. From personal computers to smartphones and cloud computing, the range of devices interconnecting individuals has become highly diverse. The number of online users has increased substantially, revealing a dramatic change in the way we develop our professional and personal activities. One-third of European Union (EU) citizens were already using online banking in 2010, 73 per cent of European households had access to the Internet by 2011, and 60 per cent of citizens were shopping online by 2012 (European Commission 2012a; Eurostat 2013).

Such technological and societal revolution may be openly welcomed and cheered, but it is also understood as carrying the seeds of potential risks (Eriksson and Giacomello 2010). Given Europes advanced degree of digital dependence, specific sectors of activity (namely communications, commercial transactions, and critical infrastructures) are perceived as being in need of protection from possible abuse. In Europe, and particularly within the EU, this cybersecurity awareness has resulted in a push for the production of policy measures aimed at improving resilience, following a deeper understanding of the risks involved in this field. The security of cyberspace has come to be understood as a matter of high political salience. Although absent from the 2003 European Security Strategy , cyberspace was considered an area of potential risk in the 2008 Report on the Implementation of the European Security Strategy (Council of the EU 2008a). Since then, the EU has developed an approach to cybersecurity that includes a broad range of policies and initiatives, which are underpinned by a holistic understanding of security. However, as this chapter will argue, this approach is marked by a strong proclamation- implementation gap (Argomaniz 2012), as there is a significant difference between the way the EU discursively frames itself (and its aims) in relation to cybersecurity and the practices and institutional layout it has at its service.