L. Swartz - Psychology : an introduction

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.

It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries.

Published in South Africa by

Oxford University Press Southern Africa (Pty) Limited

Vasco Boulevard, Goodwood, N1 City, P O Box 12119, Cape Town, South Africa

Oxford University Press Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd 2016

The moral rights of the author have been asserted

Fourth Edition published in 2016

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographic rights organisation, DALRO, The Dramatic, Artistic and Literary Rights Organisation . Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd, at the above address.

You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.

Psychology: An introduction

Print ISBN: 978-0-199077-25-0
ePUB ISBN: 978-0-190404-69-7

Typeset in Utopia Std 10pt on 13.5pt

Acknowledgements

Publisher: Lydia Reid

Project Manager: Lindsay-Jane Lcks

Copy editor: Lee-Ann Ashcroft

Proof readers: Ethne` Clarke /Annette de Villiers

Indexer: Clifford M Perusset

Designer: Cindy Armstrong

Cover designer: Judith Cross

Illustrator: Craig Farham

Typesetter: Equire Technologies

Reproduction by: Name Surname

Cover reproduction by: Name Surname

[Any other dedications/photos/other permissions/website links]

The authors and publisher gratefully acknowledge permission to reproduce copyright material in this book. Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders, but if any copyright infringements have been made, the publisher would be grateful for information that would enable any omissions or errors to be corrected in subsequent impressions.

Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.

Chapter 1Prof. Leslie Swartz

Department of Psychology, University of Stellenbosch

Chapter 2Dr Loraine Townsend

Senior Specialist Scientist in the Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council

Prof. Cheryl de la Rey

Vice-Chancellor and Principal at the University of Pretoria

Chapter 3Dr Loraine Townsend

Senior Specialist Scientist in the Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council

Prof. Tokozile Mayekiso

Vice-Chancellor, University of Mpumalanga

Mr Sibusiso Ntshangase

School of Educational Studies, University of South Africa

Chapter 4Prof. Tamara Shefer

Senior Professor and Deputy Dean of Teaching and Learning, Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape

Prof. Norman Duncan

Vice-Principal and Academic, University of Pretoria

Dr Ashley van Niekerk

Senior Specialist Scientist in the Safety and Peace Promotion Research Unit, Medical Research Council, and University of South Africa

Chapter 5Prof. Pamela Naidoo

Chief Research Specialist, HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections & TB (HAST): Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) and extraordinary Professor at the University of the Western Cape

Dr Loraine Townsend

Senior Specialist Scientist in the Health Systems Research Unit at the Medical Research Council

Dr Ronelle Carolissen

Department of Psychology, University of Stellenbosch

Chapter 6Prof. Ashraf Kagee

Department of Psychology, University of Stellenbosch

Dr Loraine Townsend

Senior Specialist Scientist in the Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council

Chapter 7Dr Loraine Townsend

Senior Specialist Scientist in the Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council

Dr Kirston Greenop

Formerly of the School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand

Prof. Mark Solms

Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town

Chapter 8Dr Loraine Townsend

Senior Specialist Scientist in the Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council

Dr Kirston Greenop

Formerly of the School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand

Dr Oliver Turnbull

Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Bangor University

Chapter 9Ms Lynlee Howard-Payne

Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand

Mr Jarrod Payne

Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand

Chapter 10Prof. Jaak Panksepp

Baily Endowed Chair of Animal Well-being Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Bowling Green State University

Ms Viv ONeill

Formerly Department of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal

Chapter 11The late Prof. Andrew Gilbert

Formerly Department of Psychology, University of Fort Hare

Chapter 12Dr Jonathan Ipser

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, and Project Manager of the Brain Behaviour Initiative

Chapter 13Dr Clifford van Ommen

Director, Centre for Psychology, Massey University, New Zealand

Chapter 14Mr David Neves

Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies, University of the Western Cape

Chapter 15Mr Tshepo Tlali

Department of Psychology, University of Fort Hare

Chapter 16Dr Peace Kiguwa

Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand

Ms Noleen Pillay

Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand

Chapter 17Ms Tanya Graham

Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand

Chapter 18Prof. Martin Terre Blanche

Department of Psychology, University of South Africa

Prof. Garth Stevens

Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand

Chapter 19Dr Floretta Boonzaier

Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town

Prof. Cheryl de la Rey

Vice-Chancellor and Principal, University of Pretoria

Chapter 20Mr Craig Higson-Smith

Director of Research, Centre for Victims of Torture

Ms Shahnaaz Suffla

University of South Africa Safety and Peace Promotion Research Unit, Medical Research Council

Chapter 21Dr Kay Govender

School of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal

Prof. Inge Petersen

School of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal

Prof. Basil Joseph Pillay

Department of Behavioural Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal

Chapter 22