J. Patout Burns Jr - Christianity in Roman Africa: The Development of Its Practices and Beliefs

J. Patout Burns Jr. & Robin M. Jensen

Graeme W. Clarke

Susan T. Stevens

William Tabbernee

Maureen A. Tilley

W ILLIAM B . E ERDMANS P UBLISHING C OMPANY

G RAND R APIDS, M ICHIGAN / C AMBRIDGE, U . K .

2014 J. Patout Burns Jr. and Robin M. Jensen

All rights reserved

Published 2014 by

Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

2140 Oak Industrial Drive N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49505 /

P.O. Box 163, Cambridge CB3 9PU U.K.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Christianity in Roman Africa: the development of its practices and beliefs /

J. Patout Burns Jr. & Robin M. Jensen; in collaboration with Graeme W. Clarke,

Susan T. Stevens, William Tabbernee, Maureen A. Tilley.

pages cm

Includes .

ISBN 978-0-8028-6931-9 (cloth: alk. paper); 978-1-4674-4037-0 (ePub); 978-1-4674-3995-4 (Kindle)

1. Africa Church history.

2. Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600.

I. Jensen, Robin Margaret, 1952

BR190.C49 2014

276.101 dc23

2013038812

www.eerdmans.com

Unless otherwise noted, all photos are by the authors

Basilicas, Baptisteries, and Shrines

Ammaedara (Haidra), Melleus basilica

Ammaedara (Haidra), Melleus basilica (Plan after Baratte and Duval [1974], p. 51, fig. 19. Drawn by E. Brown)

Ammaedara (Haidra), tomb inscription of Cresconia, from nave, Melleus basilica

Ammaedara (Haidra), detail of reliquary emplacement in nave, Melleus basilica

Belalis Maior, basilica I, phase II, baptismal font

Belalis Maior, basilica I, phase II (Plan after Lassus [1970a], p. 222, fig. 2. Drawn by E. Brown)

Belalis Maior, basilica II (cathedral?), phase II, baptismal font

Bennafa (La Skhira), mosaic pavement from baptistery, near Gabs, Tunisia, now in the Sfax Archaeological Museum

Bennafa (La Skhira), mosaic pavement from baptistery, near Gabs, Tunisia, now in the Sfax Archaeological Museum

Bulla Regia double church (basilica I) looking toward apse

Bulla Regia double church (Plan after N. Duval [1989], p. 356, fig. 5. Drawn by E. Brown)

Bulla Regia double church, baptismal font

Bulla Regia, baptismal font steps

Carthage

Carthage, Roman amphitheater

Carthage, site of Damous el Karita

Carthage, Damous el Karita (Plan developed from N. Duval [1972], p. 1112, fig. 17. Drawn by E. Brown)

Carthage, Damous el Karita, round monument

Carthage, Carthagenna basilica (Plan after L. Ennabli [1997], p. 65, fig. 18. Drawn by E. Brown)

Carthage, site of Carthagenna basilica, showing baptistery wall

Carthage, Basilica Maiorum (Plan after L. Ennabli [1997], p. 133, fig. 82. Drawn by E. Brown)

Carthage, inscription from Basilica Maiorum, now in the Carthage Museum

Carthage, site of St. Monica basilica

Carthage, St. Monica basilica (Plan after L. Ennabli [1997], p. 130, fig. 80. Drawn by E. Brown)

Carthage, chapel of Asterius, floor mosaic

Carthage, overview of Dermech I basilica

Carthage, Dermech I basilica (Plan after Gauckler [1892-1904], pl. 5. Drawn by E. Brown)

Carthage, baptistery at Dermech I basilica

Carthage, Bir Ftouha basilica (Plan drawn by B. Dayhoff and reproduced with permission from S. T. Stevens, A. V. Kalinowski, and H. vanderLeest, Bir Ftouha: A Pilgrimage Church Complex at Carthage [2005], p. 38, fig. 2.2)

Carthage, mosaic from Bir Ftouha basilica, now in the Bardo Museum, Tunis

Carthage, mosaic for Perpetua, Stephen, and Companions (from the chapel of the monastery of St. Stephen), now in the Bardo Museum, Tunis

Castellum Tidditanorum (Tiddis), baptistery I

Castellum Tidditanorum (Tiddis), baptistery II

Castellum Tingitanum (Orlansville)

Castellum Tingitanum (Chlef, Orlansville), approximate plan of basilica (Plan after N. Duval and Fevrier, 1972], p. 24, fig. 6. Drawn by E. Brown)

Castellum Tingitanum, Reparatus epitaph in counter-apse (After drawing reproduced in Gui et al. [1992], pl. 16.2. Drawn by E. Brown)

Castellum Tingitanum, altar mosaic (After drawing reproduced in Gui et al. [1992], pl. 15.2. Drawn by E. Brown)

Castellum Tingitanum, labyrinth mosaic, now in the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart, Algiers (Photo: Annewies van den Hoek. Used with permission)

Beni Rached (near Castellum Tingitanum) mosaic, Pax Aeclesia Catolice Semper

Clipea (Klibia), baptismal font, now in the Bardo Museum, Tunis

Clipea (Klibia), baptismal font, detail of base with Christogram

Cuicul (Djmila), double churches, episcopal complex (Plan after Lassus [1970a], p. 226, fig. 4. Drawn by R. Bockmann)

Cuicul (Djmila), baptismal font

Cuicul (Djmila), double churches with baptistery in background

Cuicul (Djmila), ambulatory, baptistery

Cuicul (Djmila), detail, pavement mosaic in baptistery

Cuicul (Djmila), bath next to baptistery

Djebel Oust, baptismal font

El-Kantara, Isle of Djerba (Meninx), baptismal font, now in the Bardo Museum, Tunis

Hippo Regius

Hippo Regius, basilica overview

Hippo Regius, basilica detail with cistern in foreground

Hippo Regius, basilica (Plan after Bizot, in Delestre [2005], p. 199. Drawn by R. Bockmann)

Hippo Regius basilica, axonometric drawing of Hippo basilica complex (After Marec [1958], p. 131, fig. 19, with modifications suggested by authors. Drawn by E. Brown)

Hippo Regius, detail, area of cathedra

Hippo Regius, trefoil building

Hippo Regius, detail, baptistery

Hippo Regius, detail, baptismal font

Iomnium (Tigzirt), baptismal font (Photo: Michael Flecky, S.J. Used with permission)

Lepti Minus (Lamta), mosaic pavement from baptistery, now in the Lamta Museum

Mactaris (Maktar), Hildegun basilica

Mactaris (Maktar), baptismal font, Hildegun basilica

Mactaris (Maktar), Thermes basilica

Musti, baptistery and font (with church apse)

Naro (Hammam Lif), baptismal font (After drawing by Gsell, fol. xxi, no. 5, in Berry [1976], p. 47. Drawn by E. Brown)

Sidi Jdidi (Asadi), baptistery (Photo: Nathan Dennis. Used with permission)

Sufetula (Sbeitla)

Sufetula (Sbeitla) Forum at site of Sufetula (Sbeitla), Tunisia

Sufetula (Sbeitla), Bellator basilica

Sufetula (Sbeitla), Jucundus chapel, adjacent Bellator basilica

Sufetula (Sbeitla), Bellator basilica, phase II (Plan after Duval and Baratte [1973], p. 38, fig. 22b. Drawn by E. Brown)

Sufetula (Sbeitla), ecclesial complex (After Duval and Baratte [1973], p. 34, fig. 18. Drawn by E. Brown)

Sufetula (Sbeitla), Vitalis basilica, looking toward apse

Sufetula (Sbeitla), ancient piscina, found in the center aisle of Vitalis basilica

Sufetula (Sbeitla), baptismal font, Vitalis basilica

Sufetula (Sbeitla), details, baptismal font, Vitalis basilica

Sufetula (Sbeitla), inscription from Servus basilica

Sufetula (Sbeitla), site of Servus basilica

Sufetula (Sbeitla), Servus basilica (Plan after Duval and Baratte [1973], p. 76, fig. 48. Drawn by E. Brown)

Sufetula (Sbeitla), Servus basilica, apse with sarcophagi

Sufetula (Sbeitla), Servus basilica, baptistery

Sufetula (Sbeitla), Servus basilica, apsed chapel or