Crowe Brandon - The Essential Trinity : New Testament foundations and practical relevance.

art. art.

b. Babylonian Talmud

col. column(s)

esp. especially

evv English Versions

Gk. Greek

lec. lecture

m . Mishnah

NT New Testament

OT Old Testament

pl. plural

prol. prologue

q. question

tr. translation, translated

y. Jerusalem Talmud

av Authorized (King James) Version

esv English Standard Version, Anglicized

hcsb Holman Christian Standard Bible

jps Jewish Publication Society

lxx Septuagint

mt Masoretic Text

nasb New American Standard Bible

net New English Translation

nets New English Translation of the Septuagint

niv New International Version

njps Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures: The New JPS Translation According to the Traditional Hebrew Text

nlt New Living Translation

nrsv New Revised Standard Version, Anglicized

og Old Greek

rsv Revised Standard Version

Theo Theodotion

1 Macc. 1 Maccabees

2 Macc. 2 Maccabees

Sir. Sirach/Ecclesiasticus

Wis. Wisdom of Solomon

1QH a Thanksgiving Hymns a

4Q381 Non-canonical Psalms B

4QFlor Florilegium

B. Me . Baba Meia

Ber. Berakot

1 En. 1 Enoch

2 Bar. 2 Baruch

2 En. 2 Enoch

3 Macc. 3 Maccabees

4 Macc. 4 Maccabees

Jub. Jubilees

T. Reub. Testament of Reuben

T. Sol. Testament of Solomon

Diogn. Diognetus

Ant. Jewish Antiquities

J. W. Jewish War

AB Anchor Bible

ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der rmischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung , pt. 2: Principat , ed. Hildegard Temporini and Wolfgang Haase (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1972 )

AThR Anglican Theological Review

BBR Bulletin for Biblical Research

BDAG W. Bauer, F. W. Danker, W. F. Arndt and W. F. Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature , 3rd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000)

BECNT Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament

BETL Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium

Bib Biblica

BibInt Biblical Interpretation Series

BibSac Bibliotheca sacra

BNTC Blacks New Testament Commentary

BST The Bible Speaks Today

BZNW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fr die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft

CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly

CBR Currents in Biblical Research

CD Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics , ed. G. W. Bromiley and T. F. Torrance, tr. G. W. Bromiley, 4 vols. (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 195675)

CJT Canadian Journal of Theology

CO Calvini opera

ConBNT Coniectanea biblica: New Testament Series

CQR Church Quarterly Review

EBT Explorations in Biblical Theology

HBT Horizons in Biblical Theology

HTR Harvard Theological Review

ICC International Critical Commentary

IJST International Journal of Systematic Theology

JBL Journal of Biblical Literature

JETS Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society

JPT Journal of Pentecostal Theology

JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament

JSNTSup Journal for the Study of the New Testament, Supplement Series

JTS Journal of Theological Studies

LCC Library of Christian Classics

LFC Library of the Fathers of the Church

LNTS Library of New Testament Studies

LW Luthers Works , ed. J. Pelikan and H. T. Lehmann, 55 vols. (St. Louis: Concordia; Philadelphia: Fortress, 195586)

NAC New American Commentary

NACSBT New American Commentary Studies in the Bible and Theology

NICNT New International Commentary on the New Testament

NIGTC New International Greek Testament Commentary

NovT Novum Testamentum

NPNF The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers , Series 2, ed. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, 18901900, 14 vols. (repr., Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994)

NSBT New Studies in Biblical Theology

NTS New Testament Studies

OTL Old Testament Library

PG Patrologiae, cursus completus, patres ecclesiae, series graeca, ed. J.-P. Migne, 162 vols. (Paris: Cerf, 185786)

PL Patrologiae, cursus completus, patres ecclesiae, series latina, ed. J.-P. Migne, 221 vols. (Paris: Cerf, 184464)

PNTC Pillar New Testament Commentary

PRSt Perspectives in Religious Studies

ProEccl Pro ecclesia

RTR Reformed Theological Review

SBL Society of Biblical Literature

SBT Studies in Biblical Theology

SE Svensk Exegetisk rsbok

SJT Scottish Journal of Theology

SNTSMS Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series

SNTW Studies of the New Testament and its World

ST Summa Theologiae

TNTC Tyndale New Testament Commentaries

TrinJ Trinity Journal

TTKi Tidsskrift for Teologi og Kirke

TynB Tyndale Bulletin

VTSup Supplements to Vetus Testamentum

WA D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe, Schriften , ed. J. K. F. Knaake, G. Kawerau et al., 66 vols. (Weimar: Bhlaus Nachfolger, 1883 )

WBC Word Biblical Commentary

WSC Westminster Shorter Catechism

WTJ Westminster Theological Journal

WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

ZNW Zeitschrift fr die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft

Chapter 1

In this chapter I will use God and Father virtually interchangeably.

I will refer to the author of the first Gospel as Matthew, though the Gospel does not explicitly identify its author.

For further discussion on the OT in Matthew see Brandon D. Crowe, The Obedient Son: Deuteronomy and Christology in the Gospel of Matthew , BZNW 188 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2012), pp. 627.

See Richard Bauckham, God Crucified: Monotheism and Christology in the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999).

W. D. Davies and Dale C. Allison Jr., A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Matthew , ICC, 3 vols. (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 198897), vol. 1, pp. 263264.

See further Brandon D. Crowe, The Song of Moses and Divine Begetting in Matt 1,20, Bib 90 (2009), p. 52.

See Joel Marcus, The Way of the Lord: Christological Exegesis of the Old Testament in the Gospel of Mark , SNTW (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1992), pp. 7374; D. A. Carson, Matthew, in F. E. Gaebelein (ed.), The Expositors Bible Commentary: Matthew, Mark, Luke , 12 vols. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984; repr. 1995), vol. 8, p. 109. Thus the language would entail the premise that the Son existed before the incarnation. Cf. Geerhardus Vos, The Self-Disclosure of Jesus: The Modern Debate About the Messianic Consciousness , ed. J. G. Vos, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1953; repr. Phillipsburg, N.J.: P&R, 2002), p. 186.

See Richard J. Bauckham, The Sonship of the Historical Jesus in Christology, SJT 31 (1978), pp. 245260; cf. Geerhardus Vos, Reformed Dogmatics , ed. Richard B. Gaffin Jr. et al., 5 vols. (Bellingham, Wash.: Lexham, 2012 ), vol. 1, pp. 5253.

In the parallel passage in Luke 10:21 Jesus rejoices in the Holy Spirit , bringing the trinitarian aspects even more clearly to the fore.

Cf. Joshua E. Leim, Matthews Theological Grammar: The Father and the Son , WUNT 2.402 (Tbingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2015), pp. 8387.

See Herman Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics , ed. John Bolt, tr. John Vriend, 4 vols. (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 20038), vol. 2, pp. 270, 272; Vos, Reformed Dogmatics , vol. 1, p. 80.

Note the aorist egeneto in Matt. 11:26, combined with a phrase that is not always obvious in English translations ( emprosthen sou ), which seems to denote the immediate presence of God (cf. BDAG, , p. 325, 1.b. [cf. 1.b.]; Matt. 10:3233). Could we have here an allusion to the eternal, trinitarian plan of salvation often known as the pactum salutis or Covenant of Redemption? See also Luke 2:49; 22:29; John 17:4; Diogn. 9.1; and historically Zech. 6:13; Vos, Reformed Dogmatics , vol. 2, pp. 8492; Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics , vol. 3, pp. 212216.