Prasenjit Duara - Culture, Power, and the State: Rural North China, 1900-1942
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Culture, Power, and the State: Rural North China, 1900-1942
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In the early twentieth century, the Chinese state made strenuous efforts to broaden and deepen its authority over rural society. This book is an ambitious attempt to offer both a method and a framework for analyzing Chinese social history in the state-making era. The author constructs a prismatic view of village-level society that shows how marketing, kinship, water control, temple patronage, and other structures of human interaction overlapped to form what he calls the cultural nexus of power in local society. The authors concept of the cultural nexus and his tracing of how it was altered enables us for the first time to grapple with change at the village level in all its complexity. The author asserts that the growth of the state transformed and delegitimized the traditional cultural nexus during the Republican era, particularly in the realm of village leadership and finances. Thus, the expansion of state power was ultimately and paradoxically responsible for the revolution in China as it eroded the foundations of village life, leaving nothing in its place. The problems of state-making in China were different from those of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe; the Chinese experience heralds the process that would become increasingly common in the emergent states of the developing world under the very different circumstances of the twentieth century.
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Culture, Power, and the State : Rural North China, 1900-1942
author
:
Duara, Prasenjit.
publisher
:
Stanford University Press
isbn10 | asin
:
print isbn13
:
9780804718882
ebook isbn13
:
9780585303277
language
:
English
subject
Rural development--China, Northwest--History--20th century, Power (Social sciences) , Local government--China, North--History--20th century, China--Social conditions--1912-1949.
publication date
:
1988
lcc
:
HN740.Z9C633 1988eb
ddc
:
307.7/2/09514
subject
:
Rural development--China, Northwest--History--20th century, Power (Social sciences) , Local government--China, North--History--20th century, China--Social conditions--1912-1949.
Page iii
Culture, Power, and the State
Rural North China, 19001942
Prasenjit Duara
Page iv
Stanford University Press Stanford, California 1988 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Printed in the United States of America Original printing 1988 Last figure below indicates year of this printing:
00 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91
CIP data appear at the end of the book
Published with the assistance of China Publication Subventions
Page v
To the Memory of Judy Strauch
Page vii
Acknowledgments
It is a pleasure for me to acknowledge the many people who have helped at various stages of this study. My intellectual debt to my teacher Philip Kuhn is far greater than that suggested by the abundant references to his published work in the study. Cynthia Brokaw, Paul Cohen, Al Dien, Philip Huang, Huang Chin-hsing, Lillian Li, Esther Morrison, Ramon Myers, Susan Naquin, Mary Rankin, Benjamin Schwartz, Judy Strauch, and Lyman Van Slyke gave of their time generously or with a minimum of arm-twisting. Harold Kahn, Elizabeth Perry, and Susan Mann suffered through repeated readings of the manuscript and came up with many helpful comments each time. John Ziemer has been an invaluable copy-editor.
Abroad, years ago, friends and teachers in Delhi firmly established the intellectual directions from which this study has emerged. The distances we have traveled since have always enriched our subsequent encounters. In Japan, Saeki Yuichi and Hamashita Takeshi made my affiliation with the Toyo* Bunka Kenkyujo* of Tokyo University very productive. Uchiyama Masao and the Mantetsu group in Tokyo, with whom I met regularly, pointed me to ways of using the Mantetsu materials with caution and profit; there was a sense of fulfillment when we met again four years later in Sand Wellone of the villages we had studied. My meetings with Ishida Hiroshi and the Mantetsu group in Kyoto were also fruitful.
Some of the material in this volume has appeared in my article "State-Involution: A Study of Local Finances in North China,
Page viii
19111935," Comparative Studies in Society and History 29, no. 1 (1987), copyright 1987 the Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History. I am grateful to Cambridge University Press for permission to reuse this material.
Various institutions have helped support the study. The Social Science Research Council funded my year in Japan and Taiwan. A Whiting fellowship allowed me to write the dissertation without distractions. A stint with the Center for Chinese Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, helped me begin revising the dissertation, and a two-year Mellon fellowship at Stanford University helped me complete the book. In the summer of 1986, a fellowship from George Mason University enabled me to visit some of the villages I was writing about in North China. The directors and staff of the Harvard-Yenching library, the East Asia Collection of the Hoover Institution, and the Library of Congress made their resources readily accessible to me. I am grateful for all of this support.
My family in Assam, who have had to patiently explain my arcane preoccupations in America to friends and relatives, now have the option of showing them the fruit of these ten long years. I hope the book can serve as an adequate measure of my deeply felt gratitude to them. And, finally, I owe much to Juliette, whose appearance in the last year of writing seemed to make its completion wonderfully easy.
P.D.
Page ix
Contents
Introduction
1
1. The Cultural Nexus of Power
15
2. Brokering Rural Administration in the Late Qing
42
3. Building the Modern State in North China
58
4. Lineages and the Political Structure of the Village
86
5. Religion, Power, and the Public Realm in Rural Society
118
6. Networks, Patrons, and Leaders in Village Government
158
7. The State and the Redefinition of Village Community
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