Raymond Williams - The Country And The City

In his brilliant survey of English literature, Williams examines changing attitudes towards country and city. This highly-acclaimed study reveals the shifting images and associations between these two traditional poles of life throughout the major developmental periods of English culture.

Raymond Williams was born in 1921 in the Welsh border village of Pandy, and was educated at the village school, at Abergavenny Grammar School, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. After serving in the war as an anti-tank captain, he became an adult education tutor in the Oxford University Delegacy for Extra-Mural Studies. In 1947 he was an editor of Politics and Letters, and in the 1960s was general editor of the New Thinkers Library. He was elected Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1961 and was later appointed University Professor of Drama.

His books include Culture and Society (1958), The Long Revolution (1961) and its sequel Towards 2000 (1983); Communications (1962) and Television: Technology and Cultural Form (1974); Drama in Performance (1954), Modern Tragedy (1966) and Drama from Ibsen to Brecht (1968); The English Novel from Dickens to Lawrence (1970), Orwell (1971) and The Country and the City (1973); Politics and Letters (interviews) (1979) and Problems in Materialism and Culture (selected essays) (1980); and four novels the Welsh trilogy of Border Country (1960), Second Generation (1964) and The Fight for Manod (1979), and The Volunteers (1978).

Raymond Williams was married in 1942, had three children, and divided his time between Saffron Walden, near Cambridge, and Wales. He died in 1988.

Contents

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Epub ISBN: 9781448191451

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Published in 1993 by

The Hogarth Press

20 Vauxhall Bridge Road

London SW1V 2SA

First published by

Chatto & Windus Ltd 1973

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 9780701210052

Copyright The Estate of Raymond Williams 1973

Earlier versions of parts of this book have appeared in Stand, The Listener, The Critical Quarterly, Eighteenth Century Studies and Novel; in introductions to the second volume of the Pelican Book of English Prose, the Penguin edition of Dombey and Son and the MacGibbon and Kee reissue of Hodge and his Masters; and in the lectures published as The English Novel from Dickens to Lawrence.

Since some of the early work was published I have had many opportunities, in different capacities, of working with others on parts of its subject, including a good deal of detailed research. I ought especially to mention, with this reciprocal learning in mind, Dr G. T. Cavaliero, Dr J. P. Parrinder and Mr Adrian Poole. I have also had the advantage of discussions with Dr T. F. Eagleton, Dr H. H. Erskine-Hill, Dr S. C. Heath, Dr M. D. Long, Mr Charles Swann, Mr John Fekete and many others of my colleagues and students.

My wifes help with the book has been sustaining and irreplaceable. I am also especially indebted to Dr Merryn Williams, author of Thomas Hardy and Rural England, who was kind enough from her special experience to read the manuscript and the proofs.

I have to make the following acknowledgements for the use of copyright material: to Faber & Faber Ltd. and Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. for extracts from poems in Collected Poems, 19091962 by T. S. Eliot. 1936 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. and 1963, 1964 by T. S. Eliot; The Trustees of the Hardy Estate, The Macmillan Company of Canada, St. Martins Press, Inc. and Macmillan, London and Basingstoke for extracts from Tess of the dUrbervilles by Thomas Hardy; and the Trustees of the Hardy Estate, The Macmillan Company of Canada, The Macmillan Company, New York, and Macmillan, London and Basingstoke, for an excerpt from Collected Poems by Thomas Hardy.

R. W.

Criticism

Culture and Society

Towards 2000

Communications

Television: Technology and Cultural Form

Drama in Performance

Modern Tragedy

Drama from Ibsen to Brecht

The English Novel from Dickens to Lawrence

Orwell

The Long Revolution

Politics and Letters (interviews)

Problems in Materialism and Culture

(selected essays)

Fiction

Border Country

Second Generation

The Fight for Manod

The Volunteers

Loyalties

People of the Black Mountains I The Beginning

People of the Black Mountains II The Eggs of the Eagle

A: Literature (i) Chs. iviii; (ii) Chs. ixxvii; (iii) Chs. xviiixxv

B: History and Related Studies

C: Studies of Literature, Art and Ideas

Note: the place of publication is London unless otherwise shown. Italicised names indicate editors.

(i)

Hesiod. Works and Days, ed. Sinclair, T. A., 1932

Theocritus. Works, ed. Gow, A. S. F., Cambridge, 1952

Edmonds, J. M. The Greek Bucolic Poets, 1912

Gow, A. S. F. The Greek Bucolic Poets, Cambridge, 1953

Headlam, W. A Book of Greek Verse, Cambridge, 1907

Higham, T. F. and Bowra, C. M. Oxford Book of Greek Verse in Translation, Oxford, 1938

Virgil. Eclogues, tr. Day Lewis, C., 1963

Virgil. Georgics, tr. Day Lewis, C., 1940

Horace. Odes, tr. Godley, A. D., 1898

Juvenal. Sixteen Satires, tr. Green, P., 1967

Knott, T. A. and Fowler, D. C. Piers the Plowman, Baltimore, 1952

Pollard, A. W. English Miracle Plays, Moralities and Interludes, Oxford, rev. 1927

More, T. Utopia, ed. Sampson, G. and Guthkelch, A., 1910

Sannazaro, G. Arcadia, Napoli, (1966)

Tasso, T. Aminta, ed. Sozzi, B. T., Padova, (1957)

Politianus, A. Rusticus, 1672

Alamanni, L. La Coltivazione, 1780

Sidney, P. Arcadia, ed. Baker, E. A., 1907

Bastard, T. Chrestoleros repr. Grosart, A. B., 1880

Crole, R. (Crowley) Select Works, ed. Cowper, J. M., 1872

Jonson, B. Works, ed. Herford, C. H. and Simpson, P. E., Oxford, 192552

Marlowe, C. Works, ed. Case, R. H., 1933

Middleton, T. Plays, ed. Swinburne, A. C. and Ellis, H., 188790