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Alexander Wynne - Mahabharata Book Twelve: Peace Volume Three The Book of Liberation

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Book:
Mahabharata Book Twelve: Peace Volume Three The Book of Liberation
Author:
Alexander Wynne
Publisher:
New York University Press and JJC Foundation
Genre:
Books / Religion
City:
New York
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Table of Contents

Guide

Artwork by Robert Beer.
Typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro at 10.25 : 12.3 +pt.
XML-development by Stuart Brown.
Editorial input from Daniel Balogh, Adam Bowles,
Ridi Faruque, Chris Gibbons,
Tomoyuki Kono & Eszter Somogyi.
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
T.J. International, Cornwall, on acid-free paper.

First Edition 2009

The Clay Sanskrit Library is co-published by
New York University Press
and the JJC Foundation.

Further information about this volume
and the rest of the Clay Sanskrit Library
is available at the end of this book
and on the following websites:
www.claysanskritlibrary.com
www.nyupress.org

ISBN- 13: 978-0-8147-9453-1 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN- 10: 0-8147-9453 -x (cloth : alk. paper)

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mahabharata. Santiparva. English & Sanskrit.
Mahabhrata. Book twelve, Peace. -- st ed.
p. cm.
Epic poetry.
In English and Sanskrit (romanized) on facing pages;
includes translation from Sanskrit.
Description based on: v. 3, published in 2009.
ISBN- 13: 978-0-8147-9453-1 (cl : alk. paper)
ISBN- 10: 0-8147-9453 -x (cl : alk. paper)
. Epic poetry, Sanskrit--Translations into English.
I. Wynne, Alexander, 1974 - II. Title. III. Title: Peace.
BL 1138.242 .SE 5 2009
294.5'92304521--dc22
2008049541

CONTENTS

MAHABHARATA XII PEACE III
THE BOOK OF LIBERATION

The Dialogue between King Senajit
and a Wandering Brahmin

The Dialogue between a Father
and his Son

The Dialogue between Ajagara and
Prahrada

The Dialogue between Kashyapa
and a Jackal

182192 The Dialogue between Bhrigu and
Bharadvaja

A Discourse on the Brahminic Rules
of Conduct

A Discourse on the Discipline
of Meditation

196200 A Discourse on the Practice of
Quiet Recitation

201206 The Dialogue between Manu and
Brihaspati

A Discourse on the Origin of
Gods and Men

An Account of the Conflict between
Demons and Gods

210217 The Dialogue between a Master and
Pupil

The Dialogue between Indra and
Prahrada

The Dialogue between Indra and
Namuchi

Another Dialogue between Indra
and Bali

The Dialogue between Indra and
Shri

The Dialogue between Jaigishavya
and Asita

The Dialogue between Vasudeva
and Ugrasena

Sanskrit Alphabetical Order

Vowels:

Gutturals:

Palatals:

Retroflex:

Dentals:

Labials:

Semivowels:

Spirants:

Guide to Sanskrit Pronunciation

b u t

f a ther

s i t

f ee

p u t

b oo

vocalic r , American p ur-
dy or English p re tty
lengthened r

vocalic l , ab le

m a de, esp. in Welsh pro
nunciation

b i te

r o pe, esp. Welsh pronun
ciation; Italian s o lo
s ou nd

anusvara nasalizes the pre
ceding vowel

visarga , a voiceless aspira- tion (resembling the En- glish h ), or like Scottish ________

lo ch, or an aspiration with a faint echoing of the last element of the preceding vowel so that taih is pronounced taihi

lu ck

blo ckh ead

g o

bi gh ead

a n ger

ch ill

mat chh ead

j og

aspirated j, he dgeh og

ca ny on

retroflex t, t ry (with the tip of tongue turned up to touch the hard palate)

same as the preceding but
aspirated

retroflex d (with the tip

of tongue turned up to

touch the hard palate)

same as the preceding but
aspirated

retroflex n (with the tip
of tongue turned up to

French t out

ten t h ook

d inner

guil dh all

n ow

p ill

u ph eaval

b efore

a bh orrent

m ind

y es

trilled, resembling the Ita
lian pronunciation of r

touch the hard palate)

l inger

w ord

sh ore

retroflex sh (with the tip of the tongue turned up to touch the hard palate)

hi ss

h ood

CSL Punctuation of English

The acute accent on Sanskrit words when they occur outside of the Sanskrit text itself, marks stress, e.g., Ramayana. It is not part of traditional Sanskrit orthography, transliteration, or transcription, but we supply it here to guide readers in the pronunciation of these unfamiliar words. Since no Sanskrit word is accented on the last syllable it is not necessary to accent disyllables, e.g., Rama.

The second CSL innovation designed to assist the reader in the pronunciation of lengthy unfamiliar words is to insert an unobtrusive middle dot between semantic word breaks in compound names (provided the word break does not fall on a vowel resulting from the fusion of two vowels), e.g., Mahabharata, but Ramayana (not Ramaayana). Our dot echoes the punctuating middle dot () found in the oldest surviving samples of written Indic, the Ashokan inscriptions of the third century bce .

The deep layering of Sanskrit narrative has also dictated that we use quotation marks only to announce the beginning and end of every direct speech, and not at the beginning of every paragraph.

CSL Punctuation of Sanskrit

The Sanskrit text is also punctuated, in accordance with the punctuation of the English translation. In mid-verse, the punctuation will not alter the sandhi or the scansion. Proper names are capitalized. Most Sanskrit meters have four feet ( pada ); where possible we print the common sloka meter on two lines. The capitalization of verse beginnings makes it easy for the reader to recognize longer meters where it is necessary to print the four metrical feet over four or eight lines. In the Sanskrit text, we use French Guillemets (e.g., kva samcicirsuh? ) instead of English quotation marks (e.g., Where are you off to?) to avoid confusion with the apostrophes used for vowel elision in sandhi.

SANDHI

Sanskrit presents the learner with a challenge: sandhi (euphonic combination). Sandhi means that when two words are joined in connected speech or writing (which in Sanskrit reflects speech), the last letter (or even letters) of the first word often changes; compare the way we pronounce the in the beginning and the end.

In Sanskrit the first letter of the second word may also change; and if both the last letter of the first word and the first letter of the second are vowels, they may fuse. This has a parallel in English: a nasal consonant is inserted between two vowels that would otherwise coalesce: a pear and an apple. Sanskrit vowel fusion may produce ambiguity.

The charts on the following pages give the full sandhi system.

Fortunately it is not necessary to know these changes in order to start reading Sanskrit. All that is important to know is the form of the second word without sandhi (pre-sandhi), so that it can be recognized or looked up in a dictionary. Therefore we are printing Sanskrit with a system of punctuation that will indicate, unambiguously, the original form of the second word, i.e., the form without sandhi. Such sandhi mostly concerns the fusion of two vowels.

In Sanskrit, vowels may be short or long and are written differently accordingly. We follow the general convention that a vowel with no mark above it is short. Other books mark a long vowel either with a bar called a macron ( a ) or with a circumflex ( a ). Our system uses the _______________

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