Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary
Leviticus & Numbers
John H. Walton
GENERAL EDITOR
ZONDERVAN
Leviticus and Numbers
LeviticusCopyright 2009 by Roy E. Gane
NumbersCopyright 2009 by R. Dennis Cole
Previously published in Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
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ePub Edition January 2016: ISBN 978-0-310-52757-2
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The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy / John H. Walton, general editor.
p. cm. (Zondervan illustrated Bible backgrounds commentary ; v. 1)
Includes .
ISBN 978-0-310-25573-4 (hardcover)
1. Bible. O.T. PentateuchCriticism, interpretation, etc. I. Walton, John H., 1952
BS1225.52.G46 2009
222'.107dc22
2009002197
All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from The Holy Bible, New International Version, NIV. Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
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Table of Contents
Roy E. Gane
R. Dennis Cole
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We are grateful for so many who have provided us photographs, some at reduced prices and others free of charge, to help make this work a visual resource on the ancient world. Credits appear by each photograph, but we would especially recognize the following:
Wikimedia Commons makes photographs available through commons.wikimedia.org under a variety of licenses. We have benefited greatly from those that have been released into public domain and have sought out appropriate permission for those that have creative commons licensing (cc-by or cc-by-sa). These photographs are not copyright protected in this set but are available for use under the same terms that we used them.
In connection to Wikimedia, we have used a number of photographs from the Yorck Project, whose images are indicated as being in the public domain, but with compilation protected under the GNU Free Documentation License.
We would like especially to thank Marie-Lan Nguyen, who provided so many photos in public domain on Wikimedia, as well as Rama, who even went and took specific photos that we wanted. Others who provided numerous photographs through Wikimedia include Guillaume Blanchard and Keith Schengili-Roberts.
We are grateful to so many who posted their photographs on Flickr and made them available to us when we requested them. Lenka Peacock, Manfred Nader, and Peter White were particularly generous and gracious as they allowed us to use many of their photographs.
The Schyen Collection supplied many photographs at no charge, and we are grateful to Elizabeth Sorenssen for her capable help.
Edward Loring, Research Fellow and Network Administrator Russian Academy of Sciences Centre for Egyptological Studies, Moscow (CESRAS), Russian Institute of Egyptology in Cairo (RIEC), provided photographs we could not have otherwise gotten.
Photography Suppliers were very helpful in our endless searches for photographs and we would especially like to acknowledge Todd Bolen (www.bibleplaces.com), Zev Radovan (www.biblelandpictures.com), Art Resource (www.artres.com, with thanks to Ann and Jennifer), Werner Forman (www.werner-forman-archive.com, with thanks to Themis), Jim Martin (see ), Jack Hazut (www.israelimage.net), Richard Cleave (Rohr Productions), and Neal Bierling (www.phoenixdatasystems.com).
Thanks also to my colleagues who provided photographs: Fred Mabie, Steven Voth, John Monson, Jim Monson, Rami Arav, Scott Noegel, Aren Maier, Daniel Master, the Leon Levy Foundation, Alan Millard, Stephen Bourke, Constance Gane, and Randall Younker.