(PhD, Hebrew Union College), Professor of Old Testament, Wheaton College and Graduate School, Wheaton, Illinois Isaiah
(PhD, University of London), Professor of Old Testament and Semitic Languages, Ashland Theological Seminary, Ashland, Ohio
Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary
Isaiah
John H. Walton GENERAL EDITOR
ZONDERVAN
Isaiah Copyright 2009 by David W. Baker Previously published in
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen.
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The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel / John H. Walton, general editor. p. (Zondervan illustrated Bible backgrounds commentary ; v. 4) Includes bibliographical references and . 4) Includes bibliographical references and .
ISBN 978-0-310-25576-5 (hardcover, printed) 1. Bible. O.T. ProphetsCommentaries. I. Walton, John H., 1952 BS1505.53.I83 2009 224'.07dc22 2009009777
All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from
The Holy Bible, New International Version, NIV.
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Table of Contents
David W. Baker
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We are grateful for so many who have provided us photographs, some at reduced prices and others free of charge, to help make this work a visual resource on the ancient world.
We are grateful for so many who have provided us photographs, some at reduced prices and others free of charge, to help make this work a visual resource on the ancient world.
Credits appear by each photograph, but we would especially recognize the following: Wikimedia Commons makes photographs available through commons.wikimedia.org under a variety of licenses. We have benefited greatly from those that have been released into public domain and have sought out appropriate permission for those that have creative commons licensing (cc-by or cc-by-sa). These photographs are not copyright protected in this set but are available for use under the same terms that we used them. In connection to Wikimedia, we have used a number of photographs from the Yorck Project, whose images are indicated as being in the public domain, but with compilation protected under the GNU Free Documentation License. We would like especially to thank Marie-Lan Nguyen, who provided so many photos in public domain on Wikimedia, as well as Rama, who even went and took specific photos that we wanted. Others who provided numerous photographs through Wikimedia include Guillaume Blanchard and Keith Schengili-Roberts.
We are grateful to so many who posted their photographs on Flickr and made them available to us when we requested them. Lenka Peacock, Manfred Nader, and Peter White were particularly generous and gracious as they allowed us to use many of their photographs. The Schyen Collection supplied many photographs at no charge, and we are grateful to Elizabeth Sorenssen for her capable help. Edward Loring, Research Fellow and Network Administrator Russian Academy of Sciences Centre for Egyptological Studies, Moscow (CESRAS), Russian Institute of Egyptology in Cairo (RIEC), provided photographs we could not have otherwise gotten. Photography Suppliers were very helpful in our endless searches for photographs and we would especially like to acknowledge Todd Bolen (www.bibleplaces.com), Zev Radovan (www.biblelandpictures.com), Art Resource (www.artres.com, with thanks to Ann and Jennifer), Werner Forman (www.werner-forman-archive.com, with thanks to Themis), Jim Martin (see ), Jack Hazut (www.israelimage.net), Richard Cleave (Rohr Productions), and Neal Bierling (www.phoenixdatasystems.com). Thanks also to my colleagues who provided photographs: Fred Mabie, Steven Voth, John Monson, Jim Monson, Rami Arav, Scott Noegel, Aren Maier, Daniel Master, the Leon Levy Foundation, Alan Millard, Stephen Bourke, Constance Gane, and Randall Younker.
We are also grateful to those who supplied photographs from their personal collections: Michael Greenhalgh, Tim Bulkeley (eBibleTools.com/israel), Caryn Reeder, Christina Beblavi, Lisa Jean Winbolt, Brian McMorrow, Kim Walton, David Hall, and the late Maurice Thompson (photographer of the Bible Scene Set), his sons Peter and Andrew, and Geoff Tucker, who scanned the slides for us. Our gratitude also goes to Patti Ricotta, who provided helpful financing for Song of Songs pictures. For artwork we are grateful to Susanna Vagt, Alva Steffler, and Jonathan Walton. For help with the maps, we are most grateful to Carl Rasmussen, the author of the