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Editorial Board Ihsan Abbas, University of Jordan, Amman C. E. Bosworth, The University of Manchester Jacob Lassner, Wayne State University, Detroit Franz Rosenthal, Yale University Ehsan Yar-Shater, Columbia University (General Editor)
SUNY SERIES IN NEAR EASTERN STUDIES Said Amir Arjomand, Editor
The general editor acknowledges with gratitude the support received for the execution of this project from the Division of Research Programs, Translations Division of the National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency.
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Bibliotheca Persica Edited by Ehsan Yar-Shater
The History of al-Tabari (Ta'rikh al-rusul wa'l-muluk)
Volume VI
Muhammad at Mecca
translated and annotated by W. Montgomery Watt University of Edinburgh, Emeritus and M. V. McDonald University of Edinburgh
State University of New York Press
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Disclaimer: This book contains characters with diacritics. When the characters can be represented using the ISO 8859-1 character set (http://www.w3.org/TR/images/latin1.gif), netLibrary will represent them as they appear in the original text, and most computers will be able to show the full characters correctly. In order to keep the text searchable and readable on most computers, characters with diacritics that are not part of the ISO 8859-1 list will be represented without their diacritical marks.
The preparation of this volume was made possible by a grant from the Division of Research Programs of the National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency.
Published by State University of New York Press, Albany
1988 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address State University of New York Press, State University Plaza, Albany, N. Y. 12246
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Tabari, 838?- 923. Muhammad at Mecca (The history of al-Tabari=Ta'rikh al-rusul wa'l muluk; v. 6) (SUNY series in Near Eastern studies) (Bibliotheca Persica) Translation of extracts from: Ta'rikh al-rusul wa-al-muluk. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Muhammad, Prophet, d. 632. 2. MuslimsSaudi Arabia Biography. I. Watt, W. Montgomery (William Montgomery) II. McDonald, M. V. (Michael V.) III. Title. IV. Series: Tabari, 838?- 923. Ta'rikh al-rusul wa-al-muluk. English; v. 6. V. Series: SUNY series in Near Eastern studies. VI. Series: Bibliotheca Persica (Albany, N.Y.) DS 38. 2.T 313 1985 vol. 6 [BP 77. 4] 909'. I s 87-17949 ISBN 0- 88706- 706- 9 ISBN 0- 88706- 707- 7 (pbk.)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Preface
The History of Prophets and Kings (Ta'rikh al-rusul wa'l-muluk) by Abu Ja`far Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari (839-923), here rendered as the History of al-Tabari, is by common consent the most important universal history produced in the world of Islam. It has been translated here in its entirety for the first time for the benefit of the non-Arabists, with historical and philogical notes for those interested in the particulars of the text.
Tabari's monumental work explores the history of the ancient nations, with special emphasis on biblical peoples and prophets, the legendary and factual history of ancient Iran, and, in great detail, the rise of Islam, the life of the Prophet Muhammad, and the history of the Islamic world down to the year 915. The first volume of translation will contain a biography of al-Tabari and a discussion of the method, scope, and value of his work. It will also provide information on some of the technical considerations that have guided the work of the translators.
The History has been divided into 38 volumes, each of which covers about two hundred pages of the original Arabic text in the Leiden edition. An attempt has been made to draw the dividing lines between the individual volumes in such a way that each is to some degree independent and can be read as such. The page numbers of the original in the Leiden edition appear on the margins of the translated volumes.
Al-Tabari very often quotes his sources verbatim and traces the chain of transmission (isnad) to an original source. The chains of
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transmitters are, for the sake of brevity, rendered by only a dash () between the individual links in the chain. Thus, according to Ibn Humayd-Salamah-Ibn Ishaq means that al-Tabari received the report from Ibn Humayd who said that he was told by Ibn Ishaq, and so on. The numerous subtle and important differences in the original Arabic wording have been disregarded.
The table of contents at the beginning of each volume gives a brief survey of the topics dealt with in that particular volume. It also includes the headings and subheadings as they appear in al-Tabari's text, as well as those occasionally introduced by the translator.
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