JESUS
2012 Leonard Sweet and Frank Viola
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Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are taken from the New King James Version. 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Other Scripture quotations are taken from the following versions: Holy Bible, New Living Translation ( NLT ) 1996, 2004, 2007 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved. Holy Bible, New International Version, NIV, ( NIV ). 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc. Unless otherwise noted, Scriptures are from the 1984 edition. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com. English Standard Version ( ESV ). 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. New American Standard Bible ( NASB ), The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission. New Revised Standard Version of the Bible ( NRSV ). 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. All rights reserved. Common English Bible ( CEB ). 2011 Common English Bible, P.O. Box 801, 201 Eighth Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37202-0801. All rights reserved. James Moffatt Translation ( MOFFATT ). 1922, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1935 HarperCollins San Francisco. 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954 James A. R. Moffatt. King James Version ( KJV ). Public domain. American Standard Version ( ASV ). Public domain. Youngs Literal Translation ( YLT ). Public domain. Amplified Bible ( AMP ), 1954, 1958, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1987 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. www.Lockman.org. Gods Word Translation ( GW ). 1995 by Gods Word to the Nations. Used by permission of Baker Publishing Group. World English Bible ( WEB ). Public domain. New American Bible, revised edition 2010, 1991, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Washington, DC. Used by permission. All rights reserved. The Message ( MSG ) by Eugene H. Peterson. 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002. Used by permission of NavPress Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sweet, Leonard I.
Jesus: a theography / Leonard Sweet and Frank Viola.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
ISBN 978-0-8499-4702-5 (trade paper)
1. Jesus ChristBiography. 2. BibleCriticism, interpretation, etc. I. Viola, Frank. II. Title.
BT301.3.S89 2012
232dc23
2012023804
12 13 14 15 16 QG 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To T. Austin-Sparks,
a choice servant of God whose ability to expound and exalt Jesus
Christ from Genesis to Revelation was without peer.
Frank Viola
To E. Stanley Jones,
a lover of The Story and a writer for all times and climes.
Leonard Sweet
Contents
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A CCORDING TO ESTIMATES, APPROXIMATELY 1.25 BILLION C HRISTIANS live in the world today. Many, if not most, have become overly familiar with their Bibles. The same can be said about how they view the Lord Jesus Christ.
A daring statement, you say? Perhaps. How can the two of us think that Christianity has become overfamiliar with the most influential person who ever lived, the most important person who ever walked planet Earth?
As you read this book, we hope you will come to the same conclusion. Better still, when you finish, we expect you will encounter the Scriptures in a fresh way. And as a result, you will encounter your Lord anew as well.
Lets face it. The Bible is often viewed as a disjointed array of stories, events, laws, propositions, truths, ethical statements, and moral lessons.
But as we will demonstrate in this book, the sixty-six books of the Bible are woven together by a single storyline. One of the best ways to look at the twenty-seven books of the New Testament may be to see them as a commentary on the Old Testament. The entire Scriptures, both Old and New Testaments, are unified by a common narrative. And once our eyes are opened to see that narrative, everything in both Testaments gels into a coherent, understandable, and amazing story.
And what is that story? Well, its not enough to call it salvation history as many people do.
No. Its the story of Jesus Christ.
The end product of biblical Christianity is a personnot a book, not a building, not a set of principles or a system of ethicsbut one person in two natures (divine/human) with four ministries (prophet/priest/king/sage) and four biographies (the Gospels). But those four biographies dont tell the whole story. Every bit of Scripture is part of the same great story of that one person and that one storys plotline of creation, revelation, redemption, and consummation.
TOWARD A NEW KIND OF BIOGRAPHY
Writing about Jesus is like matrimony: not to be entered into unprepared or lightly, but reverently, discreetly, advisedly, soberly, and in awe of God. Not to mention that over the last fifty years, there have been countless books telling, retelling, and reconstructing the life of Jesus of Nazareth.
So why this book?
First, this isnt a biography. Its a theography. Even if you argue that a biography of Jesus is possible, which is hotly debated among scholars today, we are telling the story of Gods interactions, intersections, and interventions with humanity through the life of Jesus. We are less concerned with every fact and detail of Jesus life than we are about the narratives, metaphors, signs, and symbols that reveal pictures of Gods touching of humanity through the person and identity of Jesus. In each major scene in the Jesus story, we try to provide snapshotsorganic freeze-frames and visual markers of Jesus in living color and surround sound to be experienced, breathed, and lived by our readers.
This book lifts up the epic story of Jesus as the single, ascertainable truth that triumphs over all other contingent truths. In other words, human identity is bound up with the story of an individual and the story of a community. In a world that tries to snatch an identity off the racks of an Armani store, or from the marble floor of a BMW showroom, we believe that humanity was created to find its identity in a relationship with God. The story of Jesus as found in the Bible shows us how to do that. Neither of us wants to bend the world to see things through our eyes. But we do want to entice the world to see things through Jesus eyes.