We would first like to express our appreciation and admiration for all the great Christian theologians and philosophers who have steadfastly defended the faith throughout the centuries. We stand on the shoulders of giants. There are many more who could be included in this book, and we are grateful for their important work in advancing the kingdom of God. We would also like to thank the following apologists for their insightful comments on this project: Paul Copan, William Lane Craig, Norman Geisler, Gary Habermas, J. P. Moreland, and Richard Swinburne. Their kind assistance and valuable input have made this book a much better volume than it would have been otherwise.
Special thanks are due to Verlyn Verbrugge for his guidance and careful eye to detail and to the entire Zondervan team for first-rate work on all dimensions of this project. Also, special thanks go to Carolyn Campbell and Stefanie Segovia for their excellent editing assistance with the book and especially with the indexes. Last, but certainly not least, we are grateful to Rhonda Hogan for her valorous efforts in obtaining permissions. Finally, we are thankful to God for the privilege of advancing the apologetics discussion through the construction of this book.
Permissions are in the order that the articles appear in the book.
All articles that are not noted below are either within fair use guidelines or are common domain.
The passage from Acts 17 is taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version, NIV. Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide.
Norman Geisler. Systematic Theology. Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House, a division of Baker Publishing Group, 2002. Used by permission.
Alvin Plantinga. Advice to Christian Philosophers. Faith and Philosophy, vol. 1 (1984, 1:3), 253 271. Used by permission.
Thomas Aquinas. Summa Theologica, 1 p, Q2, Art 3. Second and revised edition, 1920. Trans. by Fathers of the English Dominican Province, Online Edition. Copyright 2008 by Kevin Knight. Available at http://www.newadvent.org/summa/. Used by permission.
William Lane Craig. The Existence of God and the Beginning of the Universe. Truth Journal. Essay modified and used by the kind permission of the author.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. The Monadology (1689) par. 28 45. Trans. by Robert Latta and revised by Donald Rutherford. Available at http://philosophyfaculty.ucsd.edu/faculty/rutherford/Leibniz/monad.htm. Used by permission.
Michael Behe. Evidence for Intelligent Design from Biochemistry. Modified March 14, 2011, from a speech delivered at Discovery Institutes God & Culture Conference in 1996. Modified and used by the kind permission of the author.
Robin Collins. From Michael J. Murray, ed., Reason for the Hope Within. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999. Reprinted by permission of the publisher; all rights reserved.
Alvin Plantinga. God, Freedom, and Evil. 1989. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Reprinted by permission of the publisher; all rights reserved.
Greg Bahnsen and Gordon Stein. The Great Debate: Does God Exist? Held at the University of California, Irvine, 1985. Used by the kind permission of Covenant Media Foundation, www.cmfnow.com, 8784 FM 226, Nacogdoches, TX.
C.S. Lewis. Mere Christianity, copyright C.S. Lewis Pte. Ltd. 1942, 1943, 1944, 1952. Extract reprinted by permission.
Paul Copan. God, Naturalism, and the Foundations of Morality, from The Future of Atheism: Alister McGrath and Daniel Dennett in Dialogue, ed. Robert B. Stewart. Copyright 2008 Minneapolis: Fortress. Reproduced by the kind permission of the author and publisher. All rights reserved.
Teresa of Avila. Selections from The Life of Teresa of Jesus: The Autobiography of St. Theresa of Avila. Trans. and ed. by E. Allison Peers, Garden City, NY: Image Books, 1960, 27, 28, pp 248 51, 258 62. Used by permission.
William Alston. Perceiving God, The Journal of Philosophy 11 (1983): 655 66. Reprinted with permission.
Origen. On First Principles, Book IV, Chapter 28 37. Copyright 2008 by Kevin Knight. Available at http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/04124.htm. Used by permission.
Thomas Aquinas. Treatise on the Most Holy Trinity I, Q 27 34. In The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas. Second and revised edition, 1920. Trans. by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. Online Edition. Copyright 2008 by Kevin Knight. Available at http://www.newadvent.org/summa/. Used by permission.
Richard of St. Victor. On the Trinity. Reprinted with the permission of The Free Press, a Division of Simon and Schuster, Inc., from Medieval Philosophy: From St. Augustine to Nicholas of Cosa, edited by John F. Wippel and Allan B. Wolter. Copyright 1969 by The Free Press. All rights reserved.
Thomas V. Morris. Our Idea of God: An Introduction to Philosophical Theology. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1991, 174 184. Reprinted by Regent College Press. Used by the kind permission of the author.
Thomas V. Morris. Our Idea of God, Downers Grove IL: InterVarsity Press, 1991, pp. 159 174. Reprinted by Regent College Press. Used by the kind permission of the author.
Augustine. On Christian Doctrine, Book II, ch. 8 12. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, trans. by James Shaw. Vol. 2. Edited by Philip Schaff. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1887. Online Edition Copyright 2008 by Kevin Knight; available at http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/12022.htm. Used by permission.
R. T. France. The Gospels as Historical Sources for Jesus, the Founder of Christianity. Truth Journal. Essay modified and used by the kind permission of the author.
Eugene Carpenter. Resources for Discovering the Literary, Conceptual, and Historical Context of the OT, in the Journal of the International Society of Christian Apologetics, Volume 2, No. 1, 2009. Used by the kind permission of the author and the journal.
Norman Geisler. Miracles and Modern Scientific Thought. Truth Journal and LeaderU. Online at http://www.leaderu.com/truth/1truth19.html. Used by the kind permission of the author and website manager of LeaderU.
Richard Swinburne. Is There a God? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996, pp. 114 129. Reprinted with permission by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Thomas Aquinas. Summa Theologica. Second and revised edition, 1920. III, Q. 53 59. Trans. by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. Online Edition. Copyright 2008 by Kevin Knight. Available at http://www.newadvent.org/summa/. Used by permission.
John Warwick Montgomery, ed. Evidence for Faith. Plano, TX: Probe Books, 1991. Used by the kind permission of the author and the publisher.
Gary R. Habermas. Experiences of the Risen Jesus: The Foundational Historical Issue in the Early Proclamation of the Resurrection.