ABOUT THE AUTHOR
(photo: Richard Haynes)
Heather Quinlan studied English literature at Ithaca College. She broke into the professional world as a childrens book editor for Sterling Publishing, launching its successful biography series for middle schoolers. She is now a freelance writer and filmmaker. Her writing has been features in PBSs MetroFocus, The Wall Street Journal, Medium , and The New York Daily News . Shes been featured in The New York Times, The New Yorker, CBS This Morning , and NPRs All Things Considered , and she was nominated for an Emmy Award for her work on NatGeo Kids Weird but True! series. She lives in New Jersey with her husband, writer Adam McGovern.
ALSO FROM VISIBLE INK PRESS
The Handy Accounting Answer Book
by Amber K. Gray
ISBN: 978-1-57859-675-1
The Handy American Government Answer Book: How Washington, Politics, and Elections Work
by Gina Misiroglu
ISBN: 978-1-57859-639-3
The Handy American History Answer Book
by David L. Hudson, Jr.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-471-9
The Handy Anatomy Answer Book, 2nd edition
by Patricia Barnes-Svarney and Thomas E. Svarney
ISBN: 978-1-57859-542-6
The Handy Art History Answer Book
by Madelynn Dickerson
ISBN: 978-1-57859-417-7
The Handy Astronomy Answer Book, 3rd edition
by Charles Liu, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-419-1
The Handy Bible Answer Book
by Jennifer R. Prince
ISBN: 978-1-57859-478-8
The Handy Biology Answer Book, 2nd edition
by Patricia Barnes Svarney and Thomas E. Svarney
ISBN: 978-1-57859-490-0
The Handy Chemistry Answer Book
by Ian C. Stewart and Justin P. Lamont
ISBN: 978-1-57859-374-3
The Handy Christianity Answer Book
by Stephen A. Werner, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-686-7
The Handy Communication Answer Book
by Lauren Sergy
ISBN: 978-1-57859-587-7
The Handy Diabetes Answer Book
by Patricia Barnes-Svarney and Thomas E. Svarney
ISBN: 978-1-57859-597-6
The Handy English Grammar Answer Book
by Christine A. Hult, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-520-4
The Handy Geography Answer Book, 3rd edition
by Paul A. Tucci
ISBN: 978-1-57859-576-1
The Handy History Answer Book, 4th edition
by Stephen A. Werner, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-680-5
The Handy Hockey Answer Book
by Stan Fischler
ISBN: 978-1-57859-513-6
The Handy Islam Answer Book
by John Renard, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-510-5
The Handy Law Answer Book
by David L. Hudson, Jr., J.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-217-3
The Handy Literature Answer Book: An Engaging Guide to Unraveling Symbols, Signs, and Meanings in Great Works
by Daniel S. Burt, Ph.D., and Deborah G. Felder
ISBN: 978-1-57859-635-5
The Handy Math Answer Book, 2nd edition
by Patricia Barnes-Svarney and Thomas E. Svarney
ISBN: 978-1-57859-373-6
The Handy Mythology Answer Book
by David A. Leeming, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-475-7
The Handy Nutrition Answer Book
by Patricia Barnes-Svarney and Thomas E. Svarney
ISBN: 978-1-57859-484-9
The Handy Philosophy Answer Book
by Naomi Zack, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-226-5
The Handy Physics Answer Book, 3rd edition
by Charles Liu, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-695-9
The Handy Presidents Answer Book, 2nd edition
by David L. Hudson
ISB N: 978-1-57859-317-0
The Handy Psychology Answer Book, 2nd edition
by Lisa J. Cohen, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-508-2
The Handy Religion Answer Book, 2nd edition
by John Renard, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-379-8
The Handy Science Answer Book, 5th edition
by The Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh
ISBN: 978-1-57859-691-1
The Handy State-by-State Answer Book: Faces, Places, and Famous Dates for All Fifty States
by Samuel Willard Crompton
ISBN: 978-1-57859-565-5
The Handy Supreme Court Answer Book
by David L Hudson, Jr.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-196-1
The Handy Technology Answer Book
by Naomi E. Balaban and James Bobick
ISBN: 978-1-57859-563-1
The Handy Western Philosophy Answer Book: The Ancient Greek Influence on Modern Understanding
by Ed D'Angelo, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-556-3
PLEASE VISIT THE HANDY ANSWERS SERIES WEBSITE AT WWW.HANDYANSWERS.COM.
PLAGUES, PANDEMICS AND VIRUSES:
FROM THE PLAGUE OF ATHENS TO COVID-19
Copyright 2020 by Visible Ink Press
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connec-tion with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, or website.
All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Visible Ink Press
43311 Joy Rd., #414
Canton, MI 48187-2075
Visible Ink Press is a registered trademark of Visible Ink Press LLC.
Most Visible Ink Press books are available at special quantity discounts when pur-chased in bulk by corporations, organizations, or groups. Customized printings, special imprints, messages, and excerpts can be produced to meet your needs. For more information, contact Special Markets Director, Visible Ink Press, www.visibleink.com, or 734-667-3211.
Managing Editor: Kevin S. Hile
Art Director: Graphikitchen, LLC
Typesetting: Marco Divita
Proofreader: Shoshana Hurwitz
Indexer: Larry Baker
Cover images: Ebola vaccination (UC Rusal Photo Gallery), 1918 flu pandemic (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology/National Museum of Health and Medicine), plague doctor (Johannes Ebert and others, Europas Sprung in die Neuzeit, Die groe Chronik-Weltgeschichte ), smallpox victim (Illinois Department of Public Health), background images (stock.adobe.com and Graphikitchen, LLC).
Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the U.S. Library of Congress.
Printed in the United States of America.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
PHOTO SOURCES
Allposters.com: p..
Amazing Stories : p..
Associated Press: p..
Biblioteca Europea di Informazione e Cultura: p..
Brar_j-Flickr: p..
Bunchofgrapes (Wikicommons): p..
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: pp..
DefenseImagery.mil: p..
Flappiefh (Wikicommons): p..
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library: p..
Gryffindor (Wikicommons): p..
Mikael Hggstrm: p..
Max Halberstadt: p..
Kevin Hile: p..
Illinois Department of Public Health: p..
Images from the History of Medicine: p..
Aditya Joshi: p..
Oliveira Jurema: p..
Mark Knobil: p..
Library of Congress: p..
Los Angeles County Museum of Art: p..
Next page