Raisa Maria Toivo - Faith and Magic in Early Modern Finland

Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic

Series Editors: Jonathan Barry, Willem de Blcourt and Owen Davies

Series Foreword

The history of European witchcraft and magic continues to fascinate and challenge students and scholars. There is certainly no shortage of books on the subject. Several general surveys of the witch trials and numerous regional and micro studies have been published for an English-speaking readership. While the quality of publications on witchcraft has been high, some regions and topics have received less attention over the years. The aim of this series is to help illuminate these lesser-known or little-studied aspects of the history of witchcraft and magic. It will also encourage the development of a broader corpus of work in other related areas of magic and the supernatural, such as angels, devils, spirits, ghosts, folk healing and divination. To help further our understanding and interest in this wider history of beliefs and practices, the series will include research that looks beyond the usual focus on Western Europe and that also explores their relevance and influence from the medieval to the modern period.

Titles include:

Jonathan Barry
WITCHCRAFT AND DEMONOLOGY IN SOUTH-WEST ENGLAND, 16401789

Jonathan Barry
RAISING SPIRITS
How a Conjurors Tale Was Transmitted across the Enlightenment

Edward Bever
THE REALITIES OF WITCHCRAFT AND POPULAR MAGIC IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE
Culture, Cognition and Everyday Life

Ruth Bottigheimer
MAGIC TALES AND FAIRY TALE MAGIC
From Ancient Egypt to the Italian Renaissance

Alison Butler
VICTORIAN OCCULTISM AND THE MAKING OF MODERN MAGIC
Invoking Tradition

Willem De Blcourt (editor)
WEREWOLF HISTORIES

Johannes Dillinger
MAGICAL TREASURE HUNTING IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA
A History

Julian Goodare (editor)
SCOTTISH WITCHES AND WITCH-HUNTERS

Julian Goodare, Lauren Martin and Joyce Miller (editors)
WITCHCRAFT AND BELIEF IN EARLY MODERN SCOTLAND

Lizanne Henderson
SCOTTISH WITCHCRAFT AND FOLK BELIEF IN THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

Ronald Hutton (editor)
PHYSICAL EVIDENCE FOR RITUAL ACTS, SORCERY AND WITCHCRAFT IN CHRISTIAN BRITAIN
A Feeling for Magic

Louise Kallestrup
AGENTS OF WITCHCRAFT IN EARLY MODERN ITALY AND DENMARK

Jonathan Roper (editor)
CHARMS, CHARMERS AND CHARMING

Alison Rowlands (editor)
WITCHCRAFT AND MASCULINITIES IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE

Liana Saif
ARABIC INFLUENCES ON EARLY MODERN OCCULT THOUGHT

Rolf Schulte
MAN AS WITCH
Male Witches in Central Europe

Andrew Sneddon
WITCHCRAFT AND MAGIC IN IRELAND

Laura Stokes
DEMONS OF URBAN REFORM
Early European Witch Trials and Criminal Justice, 14301530

Mara Tausiet
URBAN MAGIC IN EARLY MODERN SPAINAbracadabra Omnipotens

Robert Ziegler
SATANISM, MAGIC AND MYSTICISM IN FIN-DE-SICLE FRANCE

Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic Series Standing Order ISBN 9781403995667 Hardback 9781403995674 Paperback
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Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England

Raisa Maria Toivo

University of Tampere, Finland

FAITH AND MAGIC IN EARLY MODERN FINLAND
Copyright Raisa Maria Toivo, 2016

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. In accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 610 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.

Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

First published 2016 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN

The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.

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Hardback ISBN: 9781137547262
E-PUB ISBN: 9781137547279
E-PDF ISBN: 9781137547279
DOI: 10.1057/9781137547279

Distribution in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.

A catalogue record for the book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Toivo, Raisa Maria.
Title: Faith and magic in early modern Finland / Raisa Maria Toivo.
Description: New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015039322 | ISBN 9781137547262 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: FinlandReligion. | MagicFinland.
Classification: LCC BL875.F5 T65 2016 | DDC 274.897/07dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015039322

Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India.

To the memory of my father

This book has been written with funding from the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence History of Society: Rethinking Finland 14002000. I thank the Centre and its director Pertti Haapala for the support and trust they have invested in my work. I have enjoyed the project conferences and seminars, including the Finland in Comparison series, and the encouragement to think about my tiny fraction of history in ever broader contexts. I also thank the Early Modern Group at the University of Tampere especially Tuula Hockman, Miia Ijs, Tiina Miettinen, Riikka Miettinen, Ulla Koskinen, Maija Ojala, Lauri Uusitalo, and Ella Viitaniemi for our continuous debate on what matters in the early modern history of Finland.

I have enjoyed the support of many colleagues, not only during this project but also in the various forms of collaboration that have influenced my way of thinking in numerous ways. Witchcraft historians have been friendly and helpful ever since I started my work on the social history of witchcraft. I am indebted to Marko Nenonen for sharing with me his original data collection and statistics on witchcraft and magic trials in early modern Finland. Liv Helene Willumsen has given me a Scandinavian perspective and comparison, Jacqueline van Gent has drawn my attention towards the bodily and material experience of magic, and with Louise Nyholm Kallestrup I have shared the long and winding road between the social and religious histories of magic and witchcraft. I would also like to thank church historians Pentti Laasonen and Esko M. Laine for the interest they have shown in this project. Pivi Mehtonen has been kind enough to read and comment on my manuscript and to let me see hers on eighteenth-century mysticism in Finland. My most important sounding board in the world of the history of faith and religion has been Sari Katajala-Peltomaa, who has also broadened my views from a medievalist perspective. Moreover, I would like to thank Sari for being the friend with whom I can share the stresses of the pragmatic concerns of academic life.