N.J. Dawood - The Koran
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Published by the Penguin Group
Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL , England
Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA
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English translation first published in Penguin Classics 1956
First revised edition 1959
Second revised edition 1966
Third revised edition 1968
Fourth revised edition 1974
Fifth revised edition following the traditional sequence of srahs, published in Penguin Classics 1990
Reprinted with revisions 1993
Reprinted with minor revisions 1994
Reprinted with minor revisions and additional notes 1995
Reprinted with further revisions and additional notes 1997
Reprinted with minor revisions 1999
Reprinted with minor revisions 2003
The 50th anniversary edition published with further revisions 2006
This extensively revised edition published with additional notes 2014
Copyright N. J. Dawood, 1956, 1959, 1966, 1968, 1974, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2006, 2014
Cover: Illuminated pages from a Koran manuscript, IlKhanid Mameluke School, 14th century. (Photograph: The Bridgeman Art Library)
All rights reserved
The moral right of the translator has been asserted
Typeset by Jouve (UK), Milton Keynes
ISBN: 978-0-141-91718-4
PENGUIN 
CLASSICS
Born in Baghdad, N. J. Dawood came to England as an Iraq State Scholar in 1945 and graduated from London University. In 1959 he founded the Arabic Advertising & Publishing Co. Ltd, London (ARADCO), which is now one of the major producers of Arabic typesetting outside the Middle East. His translation of Tales from the Thousand and One Nights was first published as Penguin No. 1001 in 1954 and has since been printed in over twenty various formats and editions.
He is best known for his translation of the Koran, the first in contemporary English idiom, which was first published as a Penguin Classic in 1956 and has since sold over one million copies. An illustrated hardback edition of the Koran was published by Allen Lane in 1978. In the present revised edition the translation follows even more closely the standard Islamic commentaries and interpretations. It includes an introduction and an exhaustive index. The srahs follow the traditional sequence. This translation is also available in a parallel EnglishArabic edition published in the Penguin Classics series.
As well as contributing book reviews and articles on literary subjects to the national press, N. J. Dawood has retold for children two selections from The Arabian Nights, published in the Puffin Classics. He has edited and abridged The Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldn (Princeton University Press), translated numerous technical works into Arabic, written and spoken radio and film commentaries and contributed to specialized EnglishArabic dictionaries.
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The Koran
The posthumous son of Abdullh bin Abd al-Mualib, of the tribe of Quraysh, Muammad was born in Mecca about the year 570. His mother minah died when he was still a child, and he was brought up by his grandfather and then by his uncle Ab lib. As a youth he travelled with the trading caravans from Mecca to Syria, and at the age of twenty-five married Khadjah, daughter of Khuwailid, a rich widow fifteen years his senior. Meanwhile he had acquired a reputation for honesty and wisdom, and had come under the influence of Jewish and Christian teachings.
Long before Muammads call, Arabian paganism was showing signs of decay. At the Kabah the Meccans worshipped not only Allh, the supreme Semitic God, but also a number of female deities whom they regarded as the daughters of Allh. Among these were Al-Lt, Al-Uzz, and Mant, who represented the Sun, Venus, and Fortune respectively. Impressed by Jewish and Christian monotheism, a number of theists, or spiritual fundamentalists, known as anfs had already rejected idolatry for an ascetic religion of their own. Muammad appears to have been influenced by them. It was his habit to retire to a cave in the mountains in order to give himself up to solitary prayer and meditation. According to Muslim tradition, one night in Raman about the year 610, as he was asleep or in a trance, the Angel Gabriel came to him and said: Read! He replied: What shall I read? The order was repeated three times, until the Angel said:
Read in the name of your Lord who created; created Man from clots of blood.
Read! Your Lord is the Most Bountiful One, who by the pen taught Man what he did not know.
When he awoke, these words, we are told, seemed to be inscribed upon his heart.
Muammad, who disclaimed power to perform miracles, firmly believed that he was the Apostle of God, sent forth to confirm previous Scriptures. God had revealed His will to the Jews and the Christians through chosen apostles, but they disobeyed Gods commandments and divided themselves into schisms. The Koran accuses the Jews of corrupting the Scriptures and the Christians of worshipping Jesus as the son of God, although He had expressly commanded them to worship none but Him. Having thus gone astray, they must be brought back to the right path, to the True Religion preached by Abraham. This was Islm absolute submission or resignation to the will of God.
The Koran preaches the oneness of God and emphasizes divine mercy and forgiveness. God is almighty and all-knowing, and though compassionate towards His creatures He is stern in retribution. He enjoins justice and fair dealing, kindness to orphans and widows, and charity to the poor. The most important duties of the Muslim are faith in God and His apostle, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and (if possible) pilgrimage to the Sacred House at Mecca, built, according to the Koran, by Abraham for the worship of the One God.
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