Various - Common English Bible with Apocrypha

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COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2011 Common English Bible

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ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS

Aram Aramaic

BCE Before the Common Era; traditionally BC: before Christ

CE Common Era; traditionally Anno Domini: year since the Lord's birth

cf compare

chap chapter

DSS Dead Sea Scrolls found at Qumran

(1QIsaa) Isaiah scroll a in Cave 1 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

(1QDeutb) Deuteronomy scroll b in Cave 1 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

(4QDeutb) Deuteronomy scroll b in Cave 4 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

(4QDeuth) Deuteronomy scroll h in Cave 4 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

(4QDeutj) Deuteronomy scroll j in Cave 4 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

(4QDeutq) Deuteronomy scroll q in Cave 4 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

(4QPhyln) Phylactery scroll n in Cave 4 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

(4QSama) Samuel scroll a in Cave 4 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

(4QSamb) Samuel scroll b in Cave 4 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

(4QSamc) Samuel scroll c in Cave 4 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

(4QTest) Testimonia in Cave 4 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

(8QMez) Mezuza scroll in Cave 8 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

(11QPsa) Psalms scroll a in Cave 11 of the Dead Sea Scrolls

Eth Ethiopic translation of 2 Esdras in the Ge'ez language

Gk Greek

Gk uncertain The meaning of the Greek text is uncertain.

Heb Hebrew

Heb uncertain The meaning of the Hebrew text is uncertain.

Josephus Ant. Works of Flavius Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews

Kethib Aramaic term meaning what is written (the written consonantal text)

Lat Latin

LXX Septuagint; Greek translation of Hebrew Bible by seventy translators

LXXA In Samuel, the Greek uncial Alexandrinus

LXXB In Samuel, the Greek uncial Vaticanus

LXXL In Samuel, Lucianic Greek manuscripts

LXXM In Samuel, the Greek uncial Coislinianus

LXXN In Samuel, the Greek uncials Basilianus and Vaticanus

LXX1 In Tobit, the Greek uncial Sinaiticus

LXX2 In Tobit, the Greek uncials Alexandrinus and Vaticanus

LXXa in Sirach the Greek uncials Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, and Vaticanus

LXXb In Sirach the Origenic and Lucianic Greek manuscripts

MT Masoretic Text; the Hebrew Bible

NT New Testament

OL Old Latin; manuscripts in Latin prior to the Vulgate

OT Old Testament

pl plural

Qere Aramaic term meaning what is read aloud (the vocalized text)

Sam Samaritan Hebrew text of the Old Testament

Selah Musical direction of uncertain meaning found in Psalms

Sym Greek version of the Old Testament translated by Symmachus

Syr Syriac, a translation known as the Peshitta in a dialect of the Aramaic language

Tg Targum; Aramaic translation of Hebrew Bible

Vulg Vulgate; standardized Latin version of the Bible

Measures

Capacity and linear measures

ammah length of a forearm, standardized at eighteen inches; traditionally a cubit

bath a liquid measure approximately equivalent to twenty quarts

ephah a dry measure for flour or grains, approximately twenty quarts (five gallons)

etsbah length of the finger or thumb; traditionally a fingerbreadth

hin a liquid measure for wine or water, approximately one gallon

homer the largest dry measure, fifty gallons, equivalent to ten ephah

issaron one-tenth of an unknown weight; possibly an equivalent for omer

kab an unknown measure in 2 Kgs 6:25

kor a dry measure for grain, possibly equal to a homer; approximately fifty gallons as a liquid measure in Ezekiel

litra a Roman pound equal to approximately twelve ounces dry

log a liquid measure for oil in Leviticus, approximately two-thirds of a pint

metretes a liquid measure of approximately ten gallons

milion a mile; a Roman mile was 1,000 paces or approximately 4,855 feet

omer one-tenth of an ephah or two quarts dry

pechon approximately eighteen inches; traditionally a cubit

pim two-thirds of a shekel

qaneh a measuring rod in Ezekiel equivalent to six ammah or nine feet

seah a dry measure of grain, possibly seven and a half quarts but may be smaller amount in Genesis

shearim an unknown dry measure of grain

stadion a Roman linear measurement of approximately 607 feet

tefakh or tofakh width of the hand at the base of the fingers; traditionally a handbreadth or a palm

tsimdo traditionally an acre, the area that a team can plow in a day

zereth distance between tip of thumb to little finger; traditionally a span

Monetary measures

beqa one-half shekel, typically one-fifth of an ounce; ten or twelve gerahs

daric a gold Persian coin named after Darius 1, weighing one-third of an ounce

denarion, denaria (pl) a coin equivalent in value to one day's work

drachme, drachmen (pl) a silver coin equivalent in value to a denarion; also possibly a daric

gerah one-twentieth or one twenty-fourth of a shekel

kikkar a unit of weight in the common shekel system; traditionally a talent

kodrantes a coin equivalent to two lepta

lepto a coin equivalent to one-128th of a denarion

maneh in the Old Testament possibly fifty or sixty sanctuary shekels; in the New Testament a monetary unit equivalent to one hundred denaria

shekel basic measure, typically two-fifths of an ounce, for three monetary weight systems attested in the Old Testament: the royal shekel, the sanctuary shekel, and the common shekel

talanta a coin equivalent to six thousand denaria; traditionally a talent

qesitah an unknown monetary weight

HEBREW CALENDAR