Suhas Majumdar - Jihad: The Islamic Doctrine of Permanent War

JIHD

THE ISLAMIC DOCTRINE

OF PERMANENT WAR

Suhas Majumdar

Voice of India, New Delhi

C ontents

Foreword

Preface

References

Introduction

Jihd in the Koran

Jihd in the Hadis

Ghanmah or Plunder in the Koran

4. Plunder ( Ghanmah ) in the Hadis

5. Islamic Expansion through Jihd : The Evidence of the Sunnah

6. Destruction of Idols and Idol-Temples in Jihd : The Evidence of the Sunnah

7. Slaughter of Infidels in Jihd : The Evidence of the Sunnah

8. Plunder ( Ghanmah ) in Jihd : The Evidence of the Sunnah

Jihd in the Shariat

Jihd and Religious Riot

11. Recapitulation

12. Conclusion

Appendix

I. Jihd and Expulsion of Non-Muslims from Islamic Countries

II. Jizyah and the Zimm

III. Development of the Doctrine of Jihd in the Koran

IV. Akbar s Attitude to Jihd

V. Doctrine of Jihd as Defensive War

Foreword

There was a time, not so long ago, when the exponents of jihd minced no words and pulled no punches. They were brutally frank in spelling out what jihd really meant.

But times have changed, particularly after the collapse of Christianity in the West and the rise of modern rationalism and humanism. Standards of moral judgment have increasingly tended to become universal, and no statement of faith can escape scrutiny simply because it is made in a book hailed as holy by some people. Defenders of jihd have been forced to develop an apologetics. They are now trying to protect by means of scholarship a doctrine which has so far been sustained by means of the sword.

In the present study, Professor Suhas Majumdar has seen through this scholarship , and demolished it brick by brick. He has rescued the doctrine of jihd from under the mass of pretentious verbiage, and made it stand in its pristine purity. Let no one say any more that jihd does not mean what it has meant all along in the blood-soaked history of Islam, and what we are witnessing today in Kashmir.

At the end of it all, however, I wonder why scholarship should be needed for making people see what the ordinary common sense can see straight away. There is plenty of evidence that the common sense of the Pagans of Arabia had seen Islam for what it was worth when Muhammad proclaimed his prophethood. For common sense is after all a combination of natural reason and natural moral conscience which all human beings share in greater or lesser measure.

The story of why common sense had to keep quiet wherever and whenever the prophetic creeds came to prevail (and among prophetic creeds I would certainly place Christianity as closest in tie and kindred to Islam) is yet to be pieced together. There is no better place than India for piecing together this story. For India s yogic spirituality has never worked counter to man s natural reason and natural moral conscience. On the contrary, yogic spirituality has raised that reason and that conscience to their highest stations.

A hoary and hallowed Hindu tradition recognises six types of gangsters. The loka in which gangsterism stands defined, occurs frequently in the Itihsa-PurNa and the Dharma stras. It says:

agnidah garda caiva astrapNirdhanpahah
kSetra-dra-hara caiva, SaDt tatyinah

(He who sets fire to (other people s properties), he who poisons (other people), he who wields weapons (for committing murders), he who robs (other people s) wealth, he who forcibly occupies (other people s) lands, and he who forcibly carries away (other people s) women - these six are gangsters.)

The same tradition prescribes a punishment for acts of gangsterism - the gangster should he killed as soon as he is sighted. The Gita, which deals with this subject among many others of high spiritual import, calls for this punishment when it says, jahi m vyatiSTh (kill them, do not hesitate).

There is, however, another tradition which we meet in the Bible (at least in some of its books) and the Quran. This tradition has been elaborated endlessly and spelled out in unmistakable terms in the theologies of Christianity and Islam. In this tradition, the above-mentioned acts of gangsterism are supposed to have been sanctioned by no less an authority than Almighty God himself. And the persons who perform these acts or advocate their performance, stand hallowed as apostles, prophets, saints, sufis, and the rest.

This tradition also prescribes a punishment. But not for those who practise or advocate gangsterism. On the contrary, it lays down that those who object to advocacy of gangsterism or resist gangster acts, should be put to death.

This second tradition arrived in India at first in the guise of Islam, and later on in the guise of Christianity, particularly in its Portuguese incarnation. Hindus were not slow to identify Islamic and Christian practices for what they were. The only point at which Hindus failed was to trace the Islamic and Christian behaviour patterns back to their systems of belief. It was a great failure indeed. For, in course of time, Hindus were led to believe, mostly by their own scholars, that Islamic and Christian behaviour patterns were not enshrined in the Bible and the Quran, and that Muslims and Christians could be brought round by appealing to them in the name of true Islam and true Christianity . Mahatma Gandhi became the most eminent embodiment of this Hindu illusion, which has now become the stock-in-trade of one school of Secularism in this country - that of sarva-dharma-samabhva .

Votaries of sarva-dharma-samabhva are not likely to relish the charge that for all practical purposes they become passive accomplices of gangsterism when they equate Hinduism with Islam and Christianity, and advocate equal respect for the two predatory creeds. But that is the truth, and it has to be told in order to cure them of their smug self-righteousness.

As for the second school of Secularism, namely, that which is rooted in Marxism and allied ideologies imported from the modern West, it does not practise samabhva between Hinduism on the one hand and Islam and Christianity on the other. It is openly hostile to Hinduism, and stands unashamedly allied with Islam and Christianity. That is but natural, and this stance should be understood rather than assailed. For, in the ultimate analysis, Marxism is the same as the other two creeds. All of them have their source in the Bible. Those who have applauded the gangsterism of Lenin, Stalin, and Mao, cannot be expected to thwart the other sort, particularly when it is aimed against Hindus whom they regard as the main enemy. They are bound to be active accomplices of Christian and Islamic gangsterism.

New Delhi

SITA RAM GOEL

15 July 1994