Bostom - The Legacy of Jihad: Islamic Holy War and the Fate of Non-Muslims

Ibn Warraq

PART 1: JIHAD CONQUESTS AND THE IMPOSITION OF DHIMMITUDE-A SURVEY

PART 2: JIHAD IN THE QUR'AN AND HADITH

PART 3: MUSLIM THEOLOGIANS AND JURISTS ON JIHAD: CLASSICAL WRITINGS

Malik b. Annas

Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani

Averroes

Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Qudama

Ibn Tamiyya

Abu Yusuf

Shaybani

Sheikh Burhanuddin Ali of Marghinan

Al-Shaf'i

Al-Mawardi

Ziauddin Barani

Al-Ghazali

Sirhindi

Shah Wali-Allah

Al-Hilli

Muhammad al-Amili

Muhammad Al-Majlisi

Sheikh Shawish

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Sayyid Qutb

Yusuf al-Qaradawi

PART 4: JIHAD-OVERVIEWS FROM IMPORTANT TWENTIETH-CENTURY SCHOLARS

Edmond Fagnan

Roger Arnaldez

Clement Huart

W. R. W. Gardner

Nicolas P Aghnides

Majid Khadduri

Rudolph Peters

Bassam Tibi

John Ralph Willis

Jacques Ellul

Color Insert-Color-Coded Maps: Jihad, Seventh through Eleventh Centuries; Devshirme Illustration and Description

PART 6: JIHAD IN THE NEAR EAST, EUROPE, AND ASIA MINOR AND ON THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT

Demetrios Constantelos

Aram Ter-Ghevondian

C. E. Dufourcq

K. S. Lal

K. S. La!

Dimitar Angelov

Andrew G. Bostom

Andrew G. Bostom

PART 7: JIHAD SLAVERY

K.S.Lal

K. S. La!

K. S. Lal

Vasiliki Papoulia

M.-M. Alexandrescu-Dersca Bulgaru

John Eibner

PART 8: MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM EYEWITNESS ACCOUNTS OF JIHAD CAMPAIGNS

A. Egypt, Palestine, Tripolitania (640-646)

B. Iraq

C. Iraq, Syria, and Palestine

D. Armenia (642)

E. Cyprus, the Greek Islands, and Anatolia (649-654)

F. Cilicia and Cesarea of Cappadocia (650)

G. Cappadocia, under the Caliphs Sulayman and Umar II (715-720)

H. Spain and France (793-860)

1. Anatolia-The Taking of Amorium (838)

J. Armenia-Under the Caliph al-Mutawakkil (847-861)

K. Sicily and Italy (835-851 and 884)

L. Jihad Capture and Pillage of Thessaloniki in 904 CE

M. Mesopotamia-Causes of the Invasions by the Turks (Eleventh Century)

N. Mesopotamia-Pillage of Melitene (Malatia) (1057)

0. Armenia, Anatolia, and Georgia Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries

P. Syria and Palestine, Eleventh Century

Q. Jihad Destruction of Edessa in 1144-1146 CE

R. Jihad in North Africa and Spain under the Almohads, Mid-Twelfth Century

S. Jihad Conquest of Thessaloniki, 1430 CE

T. Jihad Conquest of Constantinople, 1453 CE

U. Jihad Conquest of Methone (Greece), 1499

V. Jihad Campaigns in Georgia of Safavid Ruler Shah Tahmasp (d. 1576), 1540, 1546, 1551, and 1553 CE

W. Deportation of the Population of Armenia by Shah Abbas I (1604)

A. Campaigns in Sind (711-712 CE) led by Muhammad bin Qasim

B. Jihad by Yaqub Ibn Layth against the Hindu Kingdom of Kabul, 870 CE

C. Campaigns of Subuktigin of Ghazni, 977-997 CE

D. Mahmud of Ghazni's Conquest of Thanesar, Kanauj, and Sirsawa, near Saharanpur (1018-19 CE)

E. An Almost Contemporary Account of Mahmud's Invasions of India 000

F. The Conquest of Somnat Mahmud bin Subuktigin (1025 CE)

G. The Conquest of Ajmer by Muhammad Ghauri (1192 CE)

H. Jihad Campaigns of Alauddin Khilji (1296-1316 CE)

1. Muslim Devastation of Buddhist Temples and Plight of the Buddhist Community in Northern India (Bihar) Early Thirteenth Century CE

J. Jihad Campaigns at the End of the Thirteenth Century, and First Three Decades of the Fourteenth Century, from the Hindu Chronicle, Kanhadade Prabandha

K. Brutality of Sultan of Ma'bar (Ghayasuddin) Witnessed by Ibn Battuta (1345 CE)

L. The Jihad Campaigns of Amir Timur (1397-1399 CE)

M. Jihad Campaigns of Babur (1519-1530 CE)

N. Jihad against Vijayanagara by Sultan Adil Shahi of Bijapur, and His Allies (1565 CE)

0. Jihad Campaigns of Ahmad Shah Abdali [Durrani] (1757, 1760, and 1761 CE)

P. Jihad in Southern India (the Malabar District): The Moplah "Rebellion," 1921

A. Two Accounts of the Massacres of 1894-1896

B. Two Eyewitness Accounts of the Plight of the Armenians during World War I

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

This book would have been impossible to complete without the support and considerable sacrifice of my beloved wife, and best friend, Leah. Wise mentoring also brought this work to fruition. Special thanks are due to my mentors Bat Ye'or, Ibn Warraq, Hugh Fitzgerald, Ruth King, and David Littman. Their insights, and boundless patience helped me avoid many pitfalls. A gifted trio of translators, Michael J. Miller, Dr. Michael Schub, and Fatemeh Masjedi, made invaluable contributions to this compendium. Mr. Miller deserves special credit for imposing discipline on my schedule. Timely and thorough technical assistance with the manuscript was provided by Wendy Mullen, Alyssa Lappen, Allie Marshall, and Tarrant Smith.

The book is dedicated to my mother, Rifka, and my beautiful children Esther and Yonah. May Esther and Yonah and their children thrive in a world where the devastating institution of jihad has been acknowledged, renounced, dismantled, and relegated forever to the dustbin of history, by Muslims themselves.

"The Chachnama is Arab or Muslim genre writing, a `pleasant story of conquest,' the conquest of Sindh. But it is a bloody story, and the parts that get into the school books are fairy tales.... History as selective as this leads quickly to unreality. Before Mohammed, there is blackness, slavery, exploitation. After Mohammed, there is light: slavery and exploitation vanish. But did it? How can that be said or taught? What about all those slaves sent back from Sindh to the Caliph? What about the descendants of the African slaves who walk about Karachi? There is no adequate answer: so the faith begins to nullify or overlay the real world."