1. Early Years in Tarsus and Jerusalem
2. Paul and the Damascus Road Experience
3. Pauls Early Ministry in Jerusalem, Cilicia, and Syria
4. From Antioch to Cyprus
5. Galatia
6. The Jerusalem Council and the Start of Pauls Second Missionary Journey
7. From Antioch to Alexandria Troas
8. Macedonia: Philippi, Thessalonica, and Berea
9. Achaia (Greece): Athens and Corinth
10. Pauls Third Missionary Journey: Ephesus to Miletus
11. Arrested in Jerusalem and Imprisoned in Caesarea
12. Pauls Final Years: Rome
Acknowledgments
T his book was born out of a decade of teaching a course on the life and letters of Paul at Oklahoma Baptist University. I am thankful to Heath Thomas for encouraging me in this project and giving me time to devote to writing. On multiple occasions over the last ten years, I have taken students on tours of ancient sites in Turkey, Greece, and Israel. These trips fleshed out the world of the New Testament for me in ways that added color, texture, smells, and sights, which placed this world on a mental map and made it alive and vibrant. Id like to thank Levent Oral, president of Tutku Tours in Izmir, Turkey, for helping me arrange numerous trips to Turkey that enabled me literally to walk in the footsteps of Paul. I would also like to thank my friend Mark Wilson of the Asia Minor Research Center, who personally shared with me details about the roads and cities in Turkey and how they related to Pauls ministry.
This book would never have come about were it not for Brian Vos, my editor at Baker Books, who encouraged me every step of the way from initial writing to its final form. His kind nature, keen eye, and knowledge of the publishing world have made him an invaluable friend and editor throughout this process. I also want to express my gratitude to the staff of Starbucks and The Gathering Place in Shawnee, Oklahoma, who allowed me countless hours of writing in their shops while sipping coffee. Finally, I want to acknowledge Jonathan Wood and Angela Rowland, two students and friends, who proofread my original draft and offered helpful feedback to make this book better.
Now to him who is able to do above and beyond all that we ask or think according to the power that works in usto him be glory in the church and in Christ Jesus to all generations, forever and ever. Amen. (Eph. 3:2021)
List of Abbreviations
ABD | Anchor Bible Dictionary . Edited by David Noel Freedman. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992. |
BAR | Biblical Archaeology Review |
EDB | Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible . Edited by David Noel Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000. |
ISBE | International Standard Bible Encyclopedia . Edited by Geoffrey W. Bromiley. 4 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 19791988. |
ODCC | The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church . Edited by F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone. 3rd ed. rev. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. |
TNTC | Tyndale New Testament Commentaries |
WUNT | Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament |
Introduction
T here are few other figures of early Christian history more influential and more compelling than the apostle Paul. He wrote thirteen letters that form a third of the New Testament. Paul was a pastor, missionary, and theologian who shaped Christianity by preaching, teaching, and explaining the message of Jesus. He established churches in cities throughout the Roman Empire, thereby spreading Christianity in a profound way. He was a man uniquely called by Jesus and totally devoted to him, to the point of suffering and dying for him.
The apostle Paul also bridged the Jewish and gentile divide. He navigated the uncomfortable multicultural terrain of the first century as he took the gospel and established churches composed of both Jews and gentiles who became brothers and sisters in Christ. Pauls cross-cultural gospel ministry radically restructured peoples identity in the person of Christ instead of in ethnicity, social status, religious background, or gender (Gal. 3:2829). Not everyone, however, welcomed Pauls gospel, and he often endured open and violent hostility from both Jews and gentiles (Acts 13:45; 17:56; 18:12; 19:2330). He faced beatings, riots, arrest, jail, and trials for preaching the message of Jesus crucified and raised from the dead (2 Cor. 11:2328). Everything about Pauls birth, upbringing, and early education uniquely fitted him for his ministry among both Jews and gentiles.
An Illustrated Guide to the Apostle Paul gives an in-depth look at Pauls life and ministry by providing historical, cultural, and geographic background to all the people, places, and events related to him. Careful attention is given to dates for the purpose of accurately understanding the historical and cultural context of Pauls life and ministry. Careful attention is also given to locations to provide a vivid picture of the world Paul inhabited. As this is an illustrated guide, I have sought to include many images and maps to help bring this world to life.
I also highlight the many people, associates, and friends in the Pauline circle. All too often, Paul is viewed as a lone ranger who primarily operated alone. Nothing could be further from the truth. Paul had a vast network, and he traveled and labored with dozens of people at a time. He mobilized people to go into other areas for evangelism and discipleship. Luke, Timothy, Epaphras, Titus, Phoebe, and many others were essential to Pauls ministry. As a result, I have sought to shed light on these individuals and groups when relevant.