A Scandinavian Heritage
200 Years of Scandinavian Presence
in the Windsor-Detroit Border Region
by Joan Magee
With a Foreword by
The Hon. Paul Martin, PC., C.C., Q.C.
Dundurn Local History Series: 3
Toronto and London
Dundurn Press
1985
Acknowledgements
The members of the Norden Society of Windsor wish to express their appreciation to the Department of the Secretary of State of Canada for the generous grant which allowed the preparation of the manuscript and the publication of this book.
For their encouragement and support, the author wishes to thank Ken Alexander, Social Development Officer of the London Field Office of the Department of the Secretary of State of Canada; the Embassy of Norway in Ottawa for the Norwegian Government Travel Grant which permitted research in Norway during August 1983; Solveig Greve, of the Picture Collection of the Library of the University of Bergen; Maria McMillan, Information Officer of the Embassy of Sweden in Ottawa, for arranging an opportunity to carry out research in Sweden under the auspices of the Swedish Institute in 1981, and for providing research materials on Sweden; Oivo and Ruby Nikander, Pat Eaves, Birgitta Zetterstrom, Kirsti Stipanicic, and Evelyn Meyer for their work as research assistants in gathering material for the survey of Scandinavians in Essex County; and the Scandinavians of Essex County for their inspiration and support.
The publisher wishes to acknowledge the ongoing generous financial support of the Canada Council and the Ontario Arts Council.
J. Kirk Howard, Publisher
Copyright Joan Magee 1985
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise (except brief passages for purposes of review) without the prior permission of Dundurn Press Limited.
Editor: J.K. Howard
Design: Ron and Ron Design Photography
Typesetting: Q Composition Inc
Printed by: Les Editions Marquis, Canada
Dundurn Press Limited P.O. Box 245, Station F Toronto, Canada M4Y 2L5 | Dundurn Press Limited 71 Great Russell Street London, England WC1B 3BN |
Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data
Magee, Joan, 1928
A Scandinavian heritage
(The Dundurn local history series ; 3)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-919670-88-1
1. Scandinavian-Canadians Ontario Windsor Region History.
2. Finnish-Canadians Ontario Windsor Region History.
3. Scandinavian-Americans Michigan Detroit Region History.
4. Finnish-Americans Michigan Detroit Region History. I. Title.
II. Series.
FC3099.W55Z7 1984 971.332004395 C84-099152-5
F1059.5.W5M34 1984
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Magee, Joan
A Scandinavian heritage : 200 years of Scandinavian presence in the Detroit-Windsor border region. (Dundurn local history series; no. 3) 1. Scandinavians Ontario Windsor 2. Canada Emigration and immigration History 3. Scandinavia Emigration and immigration History 4. Windsor (Ontario) Social life and customs 3. Scandinavian Americans Michigan Detroit Social life and customs 6. Detroit (Michigan) Social life and customs I. Title
971.332004395 F1059.5.W5
ISBN 0-919670-88-1
A Scandinavian Heritage
200 Years of Scandinavian Presence
in the Windsor-Detroit Border Region
by Joan Magee
With a Foreword by
The Hon. Paul Martin, PC., C.C., Q.C.
Dundurn Local History Series: 3
this book is dedicated to
Sylvia Bildfell Hough
who generously shares her
Icelandic heritage
Table of Contents
Foreword
Miss Joan Magee has written three books of great interest. A common theme pervades them. A Dutch Heritage was my introduction to it, and to the author. The Loyalist Mosaic fascinates me, as does her study of the national groupings in Canada. A Scandinavian Heritage portrays the enriching role of the Scandinavian community in Essex County.
It is a privilege to contribute a foreword to this narrative. Canada is a land of many people; the Windsor region is typically multi-racial. The Scandinavian community is a case in point. For a long time it has helped to strengthen the heritage of the two founding groups of Canadas confederation.
The author emphasized in Loyalist Mosaic our multi-ethnic heritage. The Loyalists of the American Revolution were not all English and Anglican; they were as varied as their countries of origin, as were their languages and religions.
The historic sense and well governed enthusiasm of the author of A Scandinavian Heritage give the reader a picture of the adventurous Norsemen, who first came to this continent and their descendants who form part of the Canadian mosaic.
Miss Magees books have been needed for a long time; they underline the importance of the racial divisions in our countrys structure and the intention to avoid the melting pot process. The author fortifies this desire and, hopefully, this achievement in her portrayal of the development of a Scandinavian community in the several parts of Canada, where are to be found Norwegians, Swedes, Danes, Finns, and Icelanders. We are reminded of the difficulties and privations which attended the adventurous emigres. Not until 1870 was there an acceptable receiving system; it brought with it an increase in the number of willing newcomers, anxious to be relieved of the hard conditions of life in the homeland. Of course, the problems and trials of the new environment require portrayal, so well done by the author.
The achievements of contemporary Scandinavians in Essex County are duly described with references to living personalities. Happily ethnic survival combines pride of historic origins with new surroundings, aims, and achievements.
Miss Magee delights in her writing and enlightens her readers in the process. Her knowledge of the Scandinavians, the multiethnics, the French and the English in Canada strengthens her appreciation of the mosaic character of the Canadian nation. I like to recall the importance given to this concept by the great Sir Wilfred Laurier. He told a university audience in Western Ontario that Canada was the image of a cathedral he had recently visited in England. It was the image of the nation he wished to see Canada become. It was made of marble, oak and granite; here he wanted the marble to remain the marble, the oak the oak, the granite the granite. Out of these elements, he would build a nation great among the nations of the world.
Hon. Paul Martin
Windsor, Ontario
14 February 1985
Preface
In his preface to A Dutch Heritage: 200 Years of Dutch Presence in The Windsor-Detroit Border Region, R. Allan Douglas, Curator of the Hiram Walker Historical Museum of Windsor wrote:
Those who see only the Indians - whatever that vague term means - succeeded by the French and then the British, do themselves a great disservice by overlooking the depth and the variety of the countrys ethnic landscape. It is true that the groups just mentioned have, by reason of the historical process, been largely responsible for the character of life in Essex County. Others, however, from the Albanians to the Zimbabweans, have contributed important variations.
Among those who have contributed to this ethnic landscape are those immigrants who come from the countries often grouped together under the general name of Scandinavia, a term which includes Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, and sometimes Finland and Iceland.