Jack V. Haney - The Complete Russian Folktale: V. 1: An Introduction to the Russian Folktale

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An Introduction
to the
Russian
Folktale

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THE COMPLETE RUSSIAN FOLKTALE

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This splendid multivolume work will acquaint readers with a rich folktale tradition that has not been easily accessible or well known in the West.

In this first volume of the series, An Introduction to the Russian Folktale, Jack V. Haney discusses the origin, structure, and language of folktales; the discovery and collection of folktales; Russian tale-tellers and their audiences; the relationship of folktales to ritual life; and the major folktale types.

Compared to other European traditions, the East Slavs have an extremely large number of tale types. Using the Russian version of the Aame-Thompson index to folktale types, and drawing on both archival and written sources dating back to the early sixteenth century, Haney has collected examples of the full range of Russian animal tales, wondertales, legends, and tales about everyday life. These will be translated in the subsequent volumes of The Complete Russian Folktale.

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THECOMPLETERUSSIANFOLKTALE

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An Introduction
to the
Russian
Folktale

Jack V. Haney

First published 1999 by M.E. Sharpe

Published 2015 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1999 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notices
No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use of operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The complete Russian folktale / Jack V. Haney,
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Contents: v. 1. An introduction to the Russian folktale / by Jack V. Haney
ISBN 1563244896 (cloth, v. 1: alk. paper).
ISBN 1-56324-494-2 (pbk., v. 1: alk. paper)
1. TalesRussia. 2. TalesRussia (Federation).
I. Haney, Jack V., 1940
GR202.C645 1998
398.20947dc21
9830059
CIP

ISBN 13: 9781563244940 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 9781563244896 (hbk)

Contents

This is the first in a planned series of volumes aimed at acquainting the English reader with the world of the Russian folktale. Subsequent volumes will be devoted to animal tales, wondertales (fairy tales), legends, and tales of everyday life.

I was first introduced to the study of the Russian folktale by my Oxford tutor, I.P. Foote. That interest has grown at the University of Washington, where I have taught the subject for more than twenty-five years. Throughout that time, many students have assisted me with their translations of tales and their provocative questions about Russian folk life. To all these people I am grateful.

I have also been assisted by the able staff of the Inter-Library Borrowing Service of the Suzzallo Library of the University of Washington in obtaining copies of folktales not available to me in Seattle.

I am indebted to two anonymous readers of the manuscript who made many helpful suggestions. It is also a pleasure to thank Patricia A. Kolb and the staff at M.E. Sharpe for their careful work on the project at all stages.

It is hard to express in words the great debt I owe to my wife, Barbara, without whose advice, support, and extensive work on the manuscript, this book would not have been completed. Her participation went far beyond that of an editor and included assistance and advice on organization of the book and its content. I cannot thank her enough.

In this and subsequent volumes of The Complete Russian Folktale, I will cite an Aarne-Thompson (AT) type number when making reference to a type of tale in general and not some specific rendition of it. This number is given in its Russian (SUS) version. Sometimes the tale-type number may be followed by a subscript, a Latin letter, and/or asterisks, indicating a particular variant or subclassification.

Reference to a specific rendition of a tale is by its printed collection and tale number. (Readers should be aware that the folktales collected by Afanas'ev have been published in a number of editions, but the tale number is always the same.) When tale numbers are lacking, page numbers are cited instead.

When referring to a book or article in the text, I provide the title in English; in the bibliography, I give the title in the language of the edition cited. The transliteration system used is the Library of Congress system, with some simplifications to enhance readability.

An Introduction
to the
Russian
Folktale

In the evening I listen to folktales and thus compensate for the shortcomings in my cursed upbringing. How charming these tales are! Each one is a poem.

A.S. Pushkin

The recording of Russian folktales began propitiously, even nobly.

The Muscovite ambassador Dmitrii, distinguished by his cheerful and clever character, told, to the great mirth of all present, how not long ago a certain villager who lived not far from him, while searching for honey, had jumped from a considerable height into a very large hollow tree, and the deep mass of honey sucked him in up to his waist. For two days he feasted on honey, alone, because the sound of his cry for help in these isolated forests could not reach the ears of passersby. Finally, when he despaired of being rescued, by a most extraordinary coincidence he was pulled out [of the honey] and climbed forth [from this hollow] by the kind act of an enormous she-bear, since this beast quite by chance, just like the man, had climbed down there to eat some honey. What actually happened was that the villager grabbed hold of the bears rump from behind, and she took such fright from his pulling on her and his loud shouting that he caused her to jump out.

In 1525 Dmitrii Gerasimov, the ambassador of Grand Prince Vasilii III to the Vatican, told this story to Pope Clement VII while attending a sumptuous banquet in the Vatican. It was noted down in Latin by the historian, the bishop of Nocera, Paolo Giovio (Paulus Jovius) (Novikov 1971:8). Perhaps wishing to provide more verisimilitude than the tale otherwise commanded, Gerasimov related his tale as a historical event that had occurred to a peasant who lived not far from him in distant Muscovy. As far as Gerasimov and Giovio were concerned, this was no folktale: it was a true story.

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