2022 by Ayman S. Ibrahim
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Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version (ESV), copyright 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. ESV Text Edition: 2016
Quotations from the Quran are the authors translation.
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Contents
Praise for Ayman Ibrahims A Concise Guide to the Quran
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Acknowledgments
Chronological Events in Muhammads Life
Introduction: Why Should One Learn about Muhammads Life?
Part 1: Muhammads History
1. Who Was Muhammad?
2. What Are the Major Muslim Sources for Muhammads Life?
3. What Do Scholars Say about the Reliability and Accuracy of Early Muslim Sources?
4. What Is So Unique about Muhammads Birth Year?
5. What Is Significant about Muhammads Genealogy?
6. What Do Muslims Believe about Muhammads Attributes?
7. Was Muhammad a Real Historical Figure?
8. What Do We Know about Mecca, Muhammads Birthplace?
9. What Is the Black Stone in the Kaba?
10. What Do We Know about Muhammads Wives and Their Roles in Islam?
11. Was Muhammad Always a Monotheist?
12. What Is Muhammads Night Journey to Jerusalem and Heaven?
14. Why Did Muhammad Raid the Pagans of Mecca?
15. Was There Ever a Truce between Muslims and Meccans?
16. Did Muhammad Really Fight the Jews?
17. Did Muhammad Launch Raids against Christians?
18. Who Killed Muhammad?
19. Did Muhammad Appoint a Successor?
20. What Are Some of the Early Non-Muslim Views on Muhammad?
Part 2: Muhammads Message
21. What Was Muhammads Central Message?
22. Who Is Muhammads Deity, Allah?
23. What Is Muhammads Message about Jesus?
24. Where Is Muhammad Mentioned in the Bible?
25. Where Are Muhammads Sermons?
26. What Did Muhammad Say about Loving Ones Neighbors?
27. How Does Muhammads Tradition Treat Apostasy from Islam?
28. What Do the Hadiths Say about Jihad?
29. Who Are the Hadith-Rejecters among Muslims?
30. Why Are the Hadith-Rejecters Growing in Number?
Appendix A: Muslim Primary Sources in English
Appendix B: Helpful Websites on Islamic Primary Sources
Glossary
Sources Consulted
Bibliography
Index
Back Cover
Acknowledgments
I am indebted to Gabriel Said Reynolds, who read the first draft of this book and offered outstanding observations and helpful comments. His remarks have elevated the value in this resource. I am also thankful to my friend Brent Neely, who suggested some questions to be covered in the book. At Baker Academic, I thank Dave Nelson and Julie Zahm. They are supportive, professional, and dedicated to exceptionalism.
At Southern Seminary, I am grateful to my supervisors and colleagues, who constantly encourage me in my writing. My students are an inspiration. Through their diligence in research and questions in the classroom, they open new dimensions for me and give me direction for avenues to pursue in my books. Among these students, I am particularly grateful to my team at the Jenkins Center for the Christian Understanding of Islam. They are always seeking more knowledge in Islamic Studies. I wrote this book with them in mind, as well as for learners like them. I am so thankful for the resources of the Jenkins Center and the constant support my research receives from the leaders at Southern Seminary.
My wife is the hero behind all this. Her love, encouragement, and constant support for me and my work allow me time and space to write. To all, with gratitude, I say shukran !
Chronological Events in Muhammads Life
555: | Khadijas birth |
570: | The Year of the Elephant and the defeat of Abraha by Allahs army at Mecca |
570: | Muhammads birth |
576: | Muhammads mother, Amina, dies |
581: | Muhammad travels with his uncle Abu Talib to Syria and meets Bahira, a Syrian monk who foretells his prophethood |
595: | Khadija proposes to Muhammad, and they marry |
599: | Khadija delivers Muhammads first child, a daughter, Zaynab |
610: | Muhammad receives the first revelation from Allah, through Gabriel |
610: | Waraqa, a Christian, confirms to Muhammad the divine revelation, emphasizing to him that he is the long-awaited prophet |
610: | Waraqa dies, and Muhammads inspiration pauses |
610: | Early propagation of Islam in secret |
610: | Ali and Abu Bakr accept Islam, becoming among the earliest converts |
613: | Public proclamation of Islam begins |
613: | Meccan persecution of Muslims begins |
616: | First hijra (emigration) to Ethiopia |
619: | Muhammads uncle Abu Talib dies |
619: | Khadija dies, and Muhammad calls this year The Year of Sorrow |
619: | Muhammad marries Sawda (she is almost fifty) |
619: | Muhammad is betrothed to Aisha (she is six or seven) |
619: | Satanic verses incident |
620: | Muhammads night journey to Jerusalem and his ascension to heaven |
622: | The hijra, Muhammads emigration from Mecca to Medina |
622: | Starting point of the Islamic Hijri lunar calendar |
622: | Muhammad consummates his marriage with Aisha (she is nine) |
623: | Muhammad launches first raid against the Meccans and their caravans |