Masahisa Segawa - Ancestral Genealogies in Modern China

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Ancestral Genealogies in Modern China

This book explores the remarkable phenomenon of Chinese lineagesgroups of people connected through patrilineal kinship ties, which have existed for centuries in China and which are currently undergoing significant revival after being suppressed in many parts of China during the cultural revolution period. The book considers how lineages and the associated networks and membership associations have developed, surveys how lineages have been studied by anthropologists and others over time in different ways, and discusses the important social functions of lineages in contemporary Hong Kong and mainland China.

Masahisa Segawa is Professor in the Center for Northeast Asian Studies at Tohoku University, Japan.

Routledge Culture, Society, Business in East Asia Series

Editorial Board:

Heung Wah Wong (Executive Editor), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Chris Hutton, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Wayne Cristaudo, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Harumi Befu (Emeritus Professor), Stanford University, USA

Shao-dang Yan, Peking University, China

Andrew Stewart MacNaughton, Reitaku University, Japan

William Kelly, Independent Researcher

Keiji Maegawa, Tsukuba University, Japan

Kiyomitsu Yui, Kobe University, Japan

How and what are we to examine if we wish to understand the commonalities across East Asia without falling into the powerful fictions or homogeneities that dress its many constituencies? By the same measure, can East Asian homogeneities make sense in any way outside the biases of East-West personation?

For anthropologists familiar with the societies of East Asia, there is a rich diversity of work that can potentially be applied to address these questions within a comparative tradition grounded in the region as opposed the singularizing outward encounter. This requires us to broaden our scope of investigation to include all aspects of intra-regional life, trade, ideology, culture, and governance, while at the same time dedicating ourselves to a complete and holistic understanding of the exchange of identities that describe each community under investigation. An original and wide ranging analysis will be the result, one that draws on the methods and theory of anthropology as it deepens our understanding of the interconnections, dependencies, and discordances within and among East Asia.

The book series includes three broad strands within and between which to critically examine the various insides and outsides of the region. The first is about the globalization of Japanese popular culture in East Asia, especially in greater China. The second strand presents comparative studies of major social institutions in Japan and China, such as family, community, and other major concepts in Japanese and Chinese societies. The final strand puts forward cross-cultural studies of business in East Asia.

12Japanese Animation in Asia

Transnational Industry, Audiences, and Success

Edited by Marco Pellitteri and Heung Wah Wong

13Ancestral Genealogies in Modern China

A Study of Lineage Organizations in Hong Kong and Mainland China

Masahisa Segawa

To view more titles in the series, follow this link: www.routledge.com/Routledge-Culture-Society-Business-in-East-Asia-Series/book-series/CSBEA

Ancestral Genealogies in Modern China

A Study of Lineage Organizations in Hong Kong and Mainland China

Masahisa Segawa

First published 2022
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2022 Masahisa Segawa

The right of Masahisa Segawa to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN: 978-1-032-14648-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-14655-3 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-24036-5 (ebk)

DOI: 10.4324/9781003240365

Typeset in Times New Roman
by Apex CoVantage, LLC

Contents

1. Half Title Page
2. Series Page

1. i
2. ii

Guide

1. Half Title Page
2. Series Page

Illustrations

Figures

Tables

Photos

Preface

The purpose of this book is to consider the continuity and discontinuity of culture in Chinese society by focusing on lineage organisations and their activities from the late Qing period to the early 21st century.

Kinship relations among the Chinese are strongly characterised by the principle of patrilineal descent, although both Chinese and non-Chinese peoplewho are in contact with them as friends, business partners, or touristsare rarely conscious of this. A vast majority of children born to Chinese parents are given their fathers surname, despite a civil law in most Chinese communities that permits children to be given either parents surname. In their sophisticated kinship terminology, the Chinese strictly distinguish patrilineal kin from other relatives and unquestioningly use this complicated terminology throughout their lives. The persistence of such a strict patrilineal kinship system is a remarkable feature of Chinese society compared with other Asian societies such as those in Japan or Thailand.

Zongzu, or Chinese lineages, are a category of kin recognised by the Chinese on the basis of the principle of patrilineal descent. They sometimes take the form of a localised group who live together in the same place. In southeastern China, including Guangdong and Fujian provinces, lineage organisations developed and became dominant in their local communities by the end of the Qing dynasty. In the modern era, they declined and disappeared under the pressure of social reforms, especially the radical socialist reforms of the 1950s and 1960s. However, various parts of southeastern China have witnessed the revival and reconstruction of lineages since the 1990s.

Therefore, we can say that the organisation of lineages based on patrilineal descent is a long-standing cultural element within Chinese society. It is obvious that the lineages that exist in contemporary society are not perfect copies of those from the pre-modern era. Historians tried to understand those lineage organisations with regard to their specific historical background. However, anthropologists try to know more than that and try to systematically understand the differences and similarities or the changes and continuity between the pre-modern and contemporary forms of Chinese lineage.

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