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Charles William Nuckolls - Culture: a problem that cannot be solved

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French historian Alexis de Tocqueville observed that the conflict between the ideals of individualism and community defines American culture. In this groundbreaking new work, anthropologist Charles Nuckolls discovers that every culture consists of such paradoxes, thus making culture a problem that cannot be solved. He does, however, find much creative tension in these unresolvable opposites. Nuckolls presents three fascinating case studies that demonstrate how values often are expressed in the organization of social roles. First he treats the Micronesian Ifaluks opposition between cooperation and self-gratification by examining the nature versus nurture debate. Nuckolls then shifts to the values of community and individual adventure by looking at the conflicts in the identities of public figures in Oklahoma. Finally, he investigates the cultural significance in the diagnostic system and practices of psychiatry in the United States. Nuckolls asserts that psychiatry treats genders differently, assigning dependence to women and independence to men and, in some cases, diagnoses the extreme forms of these values as disorders. Nuckolls elaborates on the theory of culture that he introduced in his previous book, The Cultural Dialectics of Knowledge and Desire, which proposed that the desire to resolve conflicts is central to cultural knowledge. In Culture: A Problem that Cannot Be Solved, Nuckolls restores the neglected social science concept of values, which addresses both knowledge and motivation. As a result, he brings together cognition and psychoanalysis, as well as sociology and psychology, in his study of cultural processes.

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title Culture A Problem That Cannot Be Solved author Nuckolls - photo 1

title:Culture : A Problem That Cannot Be Solved
author:Nuckolls, Charles William.
publisher:University of Wisconsin Press
isbn10 | asin:029915890X
print isbn13:9780299158903
ebook isbn13:9780585136271
language:English
subjectCulture, Ethnopsychology, Values, National characteristics, American, Psychiatry--United States, Micronesians--Psychology.
publication date:1998
lcc:GN357.N83 1998eb
ddc:306
subject:Culture, Ethnopsychology, Values, National characteristics, American, Psychiatry--United States, Micronesians--Psychology.
Page iii
Culture
A Problem That Cannot Be Solved
Charles W. Nuckolls
THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN PRESS
Page iv
The University of Wisconsin Press
2537 Daniels Street
Madison, Wisconsin 53718
3 Henrietta Street
London WC2E 8LU, England
Copyright 1998
The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System
All rights reserved
5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nuckolls, Charles William, 1956
Culture: a problem that cannot be solved / Charles W. Nuckolls.
328 pp. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-299-15890-X (cloth: alk. paper).
ISBN 0-299-15894-2 (pbk.: alk. paper)
1. Culture. 2. Ethnopsychology. 3. Values. 4. National
characteristics, American. 5. PsychiatryUnited States.
6. MicronesiansPsychology. I. Title.
GN357.N83 1998
306dc21 98-6856
Page v
Picture 2
It is the paradox of culture that subjective life which we feel in its continuous stream and which drives itself towards inner perfection cannot by itself reach the perfection of culture.
Georg Simmel, The Conflict of Modern Culture, 1968, p. 30
Page vii
Contents
Foreword by Howard F. Stein
ix
Preface: The Analytic of the Sublime
xv
Acknowledgments
xxv
1. The Paradoxes of Desire and the Dialectics of Value
3
2. Spiro and Lutz on Ifaluk: Value Dialectics on a Micronesian Atoll
41
3. Value Dialectics and the Construction of a Regional Identity: Max Weber in Oklahoma
74
4. The Allocation of Values to Gender and the Cultural History of Psychiatric Diagnosis
108
5. Cultural Ambivalence and the Knowledge Structures of Modern American Psychiatry
161
6. The Reproduction of Values in Psychiatric Training and Practice
202
7. Dialectical Values and Cultural Paradox
270
Bibliography
279
Index
293

Page ix
Foreword
Charles W. Nuckolls has for a decade given me hope that a genuine one-field anthropology may have a future as well as a virtually banished past. Whatever else this book contributes to, it contributes to the refutation of narrow, parochial, postmodernist thought. It is anthropology at its best.
I have long thought that Charles Nuckolls is our (anthropology's) next Kroeber. This latest book, Culture: A Problem That Cannot Be Solved, further confirms my conviction. But I must append (and amend myself): with this book Nuckolls shows himself to be a formidable, while engagingly readable, intellectual alchemist who is both heir to and amalgam of Weber, Kroeber, Durkheim, Freud, Sapir, Kluckhohn, and Spiro (among others), an alchemist who clearly has his own voice in the synthesis. Careful as Professor Nuckolls is with the details, say, of Melford Spiro's classic Micronesian Ifaluk studies, or with his own data from American psychiatry and Oklahoma culture, he does not shrink from bringing them to bear on anthropology as the science and art of understanding what it means to be human. His dialectic use of case study and comparative method are exemplary basic anthropology. Likewise, he shows unsurpassed linguistic and literary analytic prowess in his dissection of American psychiatric texts. His exegesis is the equal of any Geertz or fellow traveler in "local knowledge."
Much of the book focuses on psychiatry, but it is not primarily about an identity crisis-ridden medical specialty many of whose members are seeking a return to their (internal medicine) roots. Rather, psychiatry as profession, clinical ideology, and ethnomedical practice are the point of departure for, among other things, a meditation on American culture as a stream, a major tributary of which is European Protestantism; a synthesis of Freudian, Durkheimian, and Weberian analysis; the gendering of value and of pathology (female = histrionic, male = antisocial); the perpetuation of culture members' shared ambivalences through recurrent character
Page x
types and their eternal struggle or dialectic; psychiatry's (double-bound?) task of healing people while keeping underlying cultural problems unsolved; the conceptual integration of sentiment and social structure; the proposition of a subtle but persuasive model of the division of labor; and, last but not least, how all these wend their way into the American ethnomedical specialty called psychiatry. Is that not sufficiently wide appeal to commend the book?
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