Studies in Anthropology and History
Studies in Anthropology and History is a series that will develop new theoretical perspectives, and combine comparative and ethnographic studies with historical research. |
Edited by Nicholas Thomas, The Australian National University, Canberra. |
VOLUME 1 | Structure and Process in a Melanesian Society: Ponams progress in the Twentieth Century |
A CHSAH H. C ARRIER AND J AMES G. C ARRIER |
VOLUME 2 | Androgynous Objects: String bags and gender in Central New Guinea |
M AUREEN M AC K ENZIE |
VOLUME 3 | Time and the Work of Anthropology: Critical essays 19711991 |
J OHANNES F ABIAN |
VOLUME 4 | Colonial Space: Spatiality in the discourse of German South West Africa 18841915 |
J OHN N OYES |
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The Gifts of the Kamula |
M ICHAEL W OOD |
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John Noyes
Colonial
Space
Spatiality in the discourse of German South West Africa 18841915
COPYRIGHT 1992 BY
Routledge,
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Transferred to Digital Printing 2006
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Noyes, John, 1955
Colonial space/John Noyes.
p. cm. -- (Studies in anthropology and history; v. 3)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 3-7186-5167-X
ISBN 978-1-136-64371-2 (epub)
1. German literature-Namibia-History and criticism. 2. German literature-19th century-History and criticism. 3. German literature-20th century-History and criticism. 4. Imperialism in literature. 5. Space and time in literature. 6. Germany-Colonies.
I. Title. II. Series.
PT3951.N65 1991
830.996881--dc20 91-17839
CIP
DESIGNED BY
Maureen MacKenzie
Em Squared Main Street Michelago NSW 2620 Australia
TYPESET BY
John Noyes
FRONT COVER
GERMANY, General military staff, Die Kmpfe der deutschen Schtztruppen in Sdivestafrika, Vol 6: Der Hottentottenkrieg (Berlin: Mittler, 1907), III, 39, p. 250.
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Contents
Acknowledgements
T his book began in 1984 as a doctoral dissertation, at a time when colonial discourse was attracting increasing attention in academic circles. During the writing and revision of the manuscript, I was fortunate enough to have contact with a number of people whose ideas have, to a greater or lesser extent, left their mark on this book. I would like to thank Peter Horn, who supervised my dissertation, for his valuable advice and assistance at all stages of this project. I am particularly grateful for his constant encouragement, in word and in example, to pursue lines of thought not confined to the rigid boundaries of one particular discipline.
I would also like to to thank Reingard Nethersole for her assistance in the formulation of this project; Ulrike Kistner and Gunther Pakendorf for the inspiring discussions on the topic; my students, whose critical reception helped me to formulate these ideas; Carlotta von Maltzan, for the proof-reading and critical commentary; Johannes Fabian and Sander Gilman, both of whom read the dissertation in its final form their comments gave me the courage to revise it, and their criticism made me aware of a number of weaknesses which I have sought to overcome in this revised version; Nicholas Thomas, who read parts of the final draft. Special thanks are also due to Peter Horn and Sue Joerning for helping solve computer problems. Any shortcomings in the text are of my own making, and do not reflect upon those named above.
I would also like to acknowledge the financial assistance of: the Harry Oppenheimer Center for African Studies, University of Cape Town, from which I received a travel grant to visit the State Archives in Windhoek and the Sam Cohen Library in Swakopmund, Namibia; the University of Cape Town, who provided me with a research grant for related research, much of the findings of which are represented here.
I NTRODUCTION
Confronting the spatiality of colonial discourse
Only able, as soon as it appears, to operate at the interior of reason, the revolution against reason has only ever the limited scope of what is called precisely in the language of the Ministry of the Interior unrest.
Jacques Derrida
T his book is about the space of a colony and how it was produced. It began as a study of the literature of the German colony of South West Africa between the years 1884 and 1915. It was my aim to demonstrate the active role which literature had played in structuring the experience of the colony. It seemed to me that if it could be shown that literature not only describes, but also helps to structure the forms of experience, then it would follow that it also plays an important role in structuring the experience of colonization, and hence the form of the colony itself. From the outset, therefore, I was concerned with a number of issues centering around colonization, representation, experience, and social form. Virtually from the beginning of this project, I have been convinced that spatiality is the concept which allows us to understand how these various aspects of colonialism interrelate.
Over the period when I was collecting material and attempting to develop a model for interpreting colonial literature, I found myself researching a field which was generating and continues to generate increasing academic debate. This applies not only to Germanys colonial literature, but also to the study of colonial literature and discourse in general. In the early 1980s literary studies in Germany had begun to turn its critical attention to its colonial literature. The theoretical debate surrounding the sociology of literature and the critique of ideology had prepared the way for an appraisal of literary functions within a wider social context. As a result, the concept of the literary object was expanded to the point where trivial and tendentious texts, such as predominated in colonial literature, could find their place within the literary
These works are valuable in initially describing Germanys colonial literature. However, I found virtually no study with the exception of Kistners unpublished doctoral dissertation which was willing to confront the complex interaction between the text, individual experience and social form which characterizes colonial space. The reason for this was almost invariably a methodological inadequacy in the sociology of literature and critique of ideology.