Vegetarianism and Animal Ethics in Contemporary Buddhism
Buddhism is widely known to advocate a stance of total pacifism towards all sentient beings, and because of this, it is often thought that Buddhist doctrine would stipulate that non-violent food practices, such as vegetarianism, be mandatory. However, the Pli source materials do not encourage vegetarianism and most Buddhists do not practice it. Using research based on ethnographic evidence and interviews, this book discusses this issue by presenting an investigation of vegetarianism and animal ethics within a Buddhist cultural domain.
Focusing on Sri Lanka, a place of great historical significance to Buddhism, the book looks at how lay Buddhists and the clergy came to understand the role of vegetarianism and animal ethics in Buddhism. It analyses whether the Buddha preached a view that encouraged vegetarianism, and how this squares with his pacifism towards animals. The book goes on to question how Buddhist food practices intersect with other secular activities such as traditional medicine, as well as discussing the wider implications of Buddhist animal pacifism including vegetarian political movements and animal rights groups.
Shedding light on a subject that, until now, has only been tangentially treated by scholars, this interdisciplinary study will be of interest to those working in the fields of Buddhist Studies, Religion and Philosophy, as well as South Asian Studies.
James John Stewart is Research Associate at the University of Tasmania, Australia.
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16 Vegetarianism and Animal Ethics in Contemporary Buddhism
James John Stewart
Vegetarianism and Animal Ethics in Contemporary Buddhism
James John Stewart
First published 2016
by Routledge
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2016 James John Stewart
The right of James John Stewart to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Stewart, James John, author.
Vegetarianism and animal ethics in contemporary Buddhism / James John Stewart.
pages cm. (Routledge studies in Asian religion and philosophy)
1. VegetarianismReligious aspectsBuddhism. 2. Buddhist ethicsSri Lanka. I. Title.
BQ4570.V43S85 2015
294.35693dc23
2015003899
ISBN: 978-1-138-80216-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-75439-0 (ebk)
For my mother, Suzanne Hutchison, and father, David Stewart.
Contents
I would like to first of all thank my wife, Kumudu Stewart, for her many years of support and encouragement in this project. She has spent countless hours helping me with difficult texts and has taught me everything I know about the Sinhala language. She routinely provided me with insightful observations and comments that have helped shape this work.
Shihara Fernando has also been enormously helpful and has spent a great deal of time checking all the translations. Several audio interviews were also carefully translated by him. His work has been absolutely indispensible.
Kumudu Stewart and Bishma Jayathilaka both spent their valuable time helping me conduct the interviews in Sri Lanka and ensured that the fieldwork was conducted in a smooth manner.
Others have also helped me gather many useful documents that have assisted me with my work. Chitra Jayathilaka has helped collect a large amount of material not all of which I was able to use in this work. Her husband, J.M. Jayathilaka Banda, has also been extremely supportive of my work and has helped resolve a number of logistical problems.
A number of academics in Australia have frequently helped encourage me in pursuing this project. They have often provided excellent advice and suggestions that have vastly improved this work. I would therefore like to thank Professor Jeff Malpas (University of Tasmania), Dr Sonam Thakchoe (University of Tasmania) and Chris Clark (University of Sydney).
Finally, I would like to thank my parents for their constant and unwavering support throughout the development of this project. This book is dedicated to both of them.
AN | Aguttara Nikya |
Atth | Atthaslin |
DN | Dgha Nikya |
Iti | Itivuttaka |
Jat | Jtaka Tales |
MN | Majjhima Nikya |
SN | Sayutta Nikya |
S | Sutta Nipta |
Vin-CV | Vinaya: Clavasa |
Vin-MV | Vinaya Mahvasa |