Shundo Tachibana - The Ethics of Buddhism

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THE ETHICS of BUDDHISM

THE ETHICS OF BUDDHISM

First published in 1926 by Clarendon Press and Curzon Press Ltd.

This edition published 2013 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1926 Taylor & Francis.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

ISBN 13: 978-0-7007-0230-5 (pbk)

DOI: 10.4324/9781315026008

FOREWORD TO THE SECOND IMPRESSION

A popular, if erroneous, conception of Buddhism has been that of self-negation or even nihilism, that is to say a religion that is negative in its basic attitude. Truer it is to state that Buddhism is a creed which is essentially positive in that it provides an ethical philosophy irrespective of time and place, the counsel of true moderation as prescribed by the Noble Eightfold Path which, by avoiding the extremes of self-indulgence on the one hand and self-mortification on the other, leads along a middle way which produces insight and knowledge, and conduces to tranquillity, to transcendent knowledge, to complete enlightenment.

Such qualities as are required to traverse this Middle Way are nothing if not moral, and such morality is necessarily positive in demanding the virtues of righteousness - understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and concentration - an eightfold aim which provides the core of the Buddhist philosophy of life. It is these great moral attributes which Professor Tachibana expounds as being the essence of Buddhism and providing a way of life based on tolerance and benevolence.

A new impression of this standard work serves therefore to restate and confirm what was emphasized in the first instance and which abounds in the Buddhist scriptures, and one is grateful for this lucid exposition of those fundamental moral principles which are disregarded at dire peril and which therefore require further study and continued understanding.

Much has been written about Buddhism in the intervening years since this book was first published and its bibliography is of vast extent. Some useful works are nevertheless commended for further reading and are listed on the pages immediately following; they are designed to supplement those included in the bibliography at the end of the book.

LONDON, 1975

SUPPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY

• G. F. Allen, The Buddhist Philosophy: selections from the Pali canon, London, 1959.
• A. J. Bahm, Philosophy of the Buddha, New York, 1959.
• John Blofeld, The Jewel in the Lotus: an outline of present-day Buddhism in China, London, 1948.
• R. H. Blyth, Zen in English Literature and Oriental Classics, Tokyo, 1948.
• Edwin A. Burtt, The Teachings of the Compassionate Buddha, New York, 1955.
• Edward Conze, Buddhism: its essence and development, New York, 1959. Buddhist Scriptures, Hardmondsworth, 1969.
• Ananda K. Coomaraswamy and I. B. Horner, Introduction to Living Thoughts of Gotama the Buddha, London, 1948.
• Paul Dahlke, Buddhism and its Place in the Mental Life of Mankind, London, 1927.
• Alexandra David-Neel, Buddhism: its doctrine and methods, London, 1939.
• C. A. F. Rhys Davids, A Manual of Buddhism, London, 1932. Outlines of Buddhism: a historical sketch, London, 1934. Sakya, or Buddhist origins, London, 1931.
• J. Evola, The Doctrine of Awakening, London, 1951.
• H. Floyd Ross, The Meaning of Life in Hinduism and Buddhism, London, 1952.
• R. H. Gard, Buddhism, London and New York, 1961.
• H. von Glasenapp, Buddhism: a non-theistic religion, London, 1970
• D. Goddard (ed.), A Buddhist Bible, London, 1956.
• Georg Grimm, The Doctrine of the Buddha, Berlin, 1958.
• C. H. Hamilton, Buddhism: a religion of infinite compassion, New York, 1952. Buddhism in India, Ceylon, China and Japan: a reading guide, Chicago, 1931.
• E. M. Hare, Woven Cadences, London, 1948.
• Edmond A. Holmes, The Creed of Buddha, London, 1949.
• I. B. Horner (trs.), Milindas Questions, 2 vols., London, 1963-64.
• Christmas Humphreys, Buddhism, Harmondsworth, 1965. Buddhist Way of Life, London, 1969. Exploring Buddhism, London, 1974. Studies in the Middle Way, London, 1959. A Western Approach to Zen, London, 1972. The Wisdom of Buddhism, London, 1970. Zen Buddhism, London, 1949.
• N. P. Jacobson, Buddhism: the religion of analysis, London, 1966.
• W. F. Jayasuriya, The Psychology and Philosophy of Buddhism, Colombo, 1963.
• K. A. D. K. N. Jayatilleke, Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, London, 1963.
• T. O. Ling, Buddhism and the Mythology of Evil, London, 1962.
• G. P. Malalasekera and K. N. Jatatilleke, Buddhism and the Race Question, Paris, 1958.
• A. C. March, A Buddhist Bibliography, London, 1935.
• Kogen Mizuno, Primitive Buddhism, Tokyo, 1969.
• Kenneth W. Morgan, The Path of Buddhism: Buddhism interpreted by Buddhists, New York, 1956.
• T. R. V. Murti, The Central Philosophy of Buddhism: a study of the Madhyamika system, London, 1955.
• Thera Narada, The Buddha and his Teachings, Saigon, 1964.
• T. Nyanaponika, The Heart of Buddhist Meditation, Colombo, 1954. Pathways of Buddhist Thought, London, 1971.
• Mahathera Nyanatiloka, Fundamentals of Buddhism, Colombo, 1949.
• J. B. Pratt, The Pilgrimage of Buddhism and a Buddhist Pilgrimage, London, 1928.
• Walpola Sri Rahula, What the Buddha Thought, Bedford, 1967.
• K. L. Reichelt, Truth and Tradition in Chinese Buddhism: a study of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism, Shanghai, 1927.
• H. Saddhatissa, Buddhist Ethics: essence of Buddhism, London, 1970.
• Anil de Silva-Vigier, The Life of the Buddha: retold from ancient sources, London, 1955.
• F. H. Smith, The Buddhist Way of Life: its philosophy and history, London, 1951.
• W. E. Soothill (ed.), The Lotus of the Wonderful Law: or the Lotus Gospel, Oxford, 1930.
• T. Stcherbatsky, The Conception of Buddhist Nirvana, Leningrad, 1927. The Central Conception of Buddhism, Calcutta, 1961.
• B. L. Suzuki, Mahay ana Buddhism, London, 1959.
• D. T. Suzuki, The Essence of Buddhism, London, 1959.
• Junjiro Takakusu, The Essentials of Buddhist Philosophy, Honolulu, 1949.
• E. J. Thomas, Early Buddhist Scriptures, a selection, London, 1935. The History of Buddhist Thought, London, 1951. The Life of the Buddha as Legend and History, London, 1949.
• C. H. S. Ward, Buddhism, 2 vols., London, 1947-52.
• F. L. Woodward, Some Sayings of the Buddha, Oxford, 1938.

The dates of the latest editions, where known, are indicated

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