Thomas (Thomas James) Walker - The Depot for Prisoners of War at Norman Cross, Huntingdonshire. 1796 to 1816

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Transcribed from the 1913 Constable & Company Ltd edition by David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org

THE DEPOT FOR PRISONERS
OF WAR AT NORMAN CROSS
HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 1796 to 1816

BY
THOMAS JAMES WALKER, M.D., F.R.C.S.

Fellow (Member of Council 19089) of the Royal Society of Medicine.
Associate of the British Archological Association. Past President of
the Peterborough Natural History Antiquarian and Scientific Society.

I pray you, in your letters,
When you shall these unlucky deeds relate,
Speak of me as I am; nothing extenuate,
Nor set down aught in malice.

Shakespeares Othello .

LONDON
CONSTABLE & COMPANY LTD
1913

PRINTED BY
HAZELL, WATSON AND VINEY LD.,
LONDON AND AYLESBURY.

CONTENTS

PAGE

Forewords

CHAPTER I

The Urgent Need for Prison Accommodation , Norman Cross , Hunts , selected as the Site , and the Prison built

CHAPTER II

The Prison and its Establishment

CHAPTER III

Arrival and Registration of the Prisoners

CHAPTER IV

Administration and Discipline

CHAPTER V

Prison Life

CHAPTER VI

Les Misrables of Norman Cross and the Romans of Dartmoor

CHAPTER VII

Employments of the Captives Straw Plait Controversy Conduct Escapes

CHAPTER VIII

The Sick and the Hospital

CHAPTER IX

The Cemetery Religious Ministrations Bishop of Moulins

CHAPTER X

Prisoners on Parole Social Habits Marriages Exchange of Prisoners

CHAPTER XI

British Prisoners in France Verdun Narrative of the Rev. J. Hopkinson

CHAPTER XII

The Truce and the Peace Prison Evacuated , 1802 Finally Cleared , 1814 Demolished , 1816

Appendices

Index

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Plate I . The Block House , Norman Cross Barracks , 1809, where Prisoners of War were Confined Drawn by Captain George Lloyd, 2nd West York Militia, 1809	Frontispiece
Plate II , Fig. 1. The Washingley Plan of the Depot , 1797 to 1803, East Elevation
Fig. 2. Mr. Hills Plan of the Depot , 1797 to 1803, West Elevation
Fig. 3. Major Kellys Plan of the Depot , 1800 to 1805, (a) North Elevation , (b) Ground Plan , and (c) Pictorial Plan from the East
Fig. 4. Birds-eye View of Norman Cross Barracks and Prison , East Elevation , Executed by Lieut. E. Macgregor , 1813
Plate III . The Block House which stood in the Centre of the Prison
Plate IV . The Outer Side of the Wall
Plate V . The Inner Side of the Prison Wall as it now Stands
Plate VI . The House of the Barrack Master , Enlarged in 1816, now the Residence of J. A. Herbert , Esq. , J.P.
Plate VII . Lodge removed from the Prison in April , 1816, and re-erected as Cottages in St. Leonard Street , Peterborough
Plate VIII , Fig. 1. Wooden Tea-caddy richly decorated with Paper Mosaic , the Work of the Prisoners of War at the Falmouth Depot . The Specimen is in the Collection of Miss Lilley Paull , of Truro . Fig. 2. Tea-caddy similarly decorated in the possession of the Countess of Lindsey , Uffington Park (v. p. 133)
Plate IX . Emblematic Group of Seven Figures arranged in Three Tiers carved in Bone (Peterborough Museum)
Plate X . Model of Guillotine: Bone Work (Peterborough Museum)
Plate XI . Work-box made by the French Prisoners of War at Norman Cross (Peterborough Museum)
Plate XII . Pair of Fire Screens decorated in Straw Marquetry (Peterborough Museum)
Plate XIII . North-west View of Peterborough Cathedral , Executed in Straw Marquetry (Peterborough Museum)
Plate XIV . Elaborately Carved Ornamental Design in Bone Work , representing a Theatre , with Figures in Carved Bone on the Stage , the Work of the Norman Cross Prisoners of War (Peterborough Museum)
Plate XV . Desk made from the Bones obtained from the Cook-house by the French Prisoners of War at Norman Cross (Peterborough Museum)
Plate XVI , Fig. 1. Mechanical Bone Work Group of Moving Figures on Platform and Pedestal . Figs. 2 and 3. Groups of Flowers in Paper Work (Peterborough Museum)
Plate XVII . Plait Merchants trading with the French Prisoners of War at Norman Cross , Hunts . Photogravure of painting by A. C. Cooke, Esq., and reproduced here by the kind permission of the artist.
Plate XVIII . The Bell Inn , Stilton From a photograph by Mr. A. C. Taylor.
Plate XIX . Facsimile of Order from Board of Transport , 9 th April 1802, to Captain Holditch , Owner and Master of Cartel Argo
Plate XX . Model of the Prison of Norman Cross , England , in the County of , and 4 Leagues from , Huntingdon (In the Muse de lArme, Htel des Invalides, Paris)
Plate XXI . Key Plan of M. Foulleys Model of the Prison of Norman Cross , England
One of the Wells on the Site of the Prison From a photograph by the Rev. E. H. Brown, July 1910.

FOREWORDS

In April 1894 an exhibition was held at the Grand Assembly Rooms, Peterborough, under the auspices of the Local Natural History and Antiquarian Society, the major portion of the exhibits being articles of various descriptions made by the French prisoners of war at the barracks built in 179697 for their confinement at Norman Cross. On that occasion, Dr. Walker drew up a short account of the buildings and their inmates, derived principally from recollections of old people and from old newspaper files. Now that most of the relics then exhibited, and many others collected from various quarters, have found a permanent home in the Societys Museum, it has been thought that the lecture embodying that history, which exists to-day only as a newspaper report, should be expanded and reproduced in the more accessible and permanent form of a small volume.

The lecture was incomplete, and to produce an exhaustive history it has been necessary to carry out systematic researches in the British Museum Library, in the Public Record Office, and in other repositories of information.

The general reader of a book is not concerned with the method of its construction, the complete structure is the only thing regarded, yet a very amusing digression could be given describing the difficulties attending the search, especially in the Government stores, for the material which is incorporated in this volume. Many of the documents utilised had never been looked at since they were placed in sacks at the close of the war, when Red Tape was more rampant than to-day, and when the jurisdictions of several departments overlapped, causing obstructive friction and consequent confusion. The official calendars and indices afford little or no indication as to the nature of the contents of bundles and rolls; in several cases valuable information has been obtained from bundles giving no hint of the contents, and simply marked Various or Miscellaneous.

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