EXPLORING
THE OLD
TESTAMENT
Volume 4
The Prophets
Gordon McConville studied Modern Languages at Cambridge and Theology at Edinburgh and Belfast. He is Professor of Old Testament Theology in the University of Gloucestershire, having previously taught the Old Testament in Bristol and Oxford. He has written a number of books on Deuteronomy and the Prophets, and most recently on Old Testament political theology.
Exploring the Old Testament
The Pentateuch by Gordon Wenham
The Historical Books by Philip Satterthwaite and Gordon McConville
The Psalms and Wisdom Literature by Ernest Lucas
The Prophets by Gordon McConville
Exploring the New Testament
The Gospels and Acts by David Wenham and Steve Walton
The Letters and Revelation by Howard Marshall, Stephen Travis and Ian Paul
Exploring the
Old Testament
A Guide to the Prophets
J. Gordon McConville
InterVarsity Press
P.O. Box 1400, Downers Grove, IL 60515-1426
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2002 by Gordon McConville
Published in the United States of America by InterVarsity Press, Downers Grove, Illinois, with permission from the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, England.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from InterVarsity Press.
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Scripture quotations, unless otherwise noted, are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
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parchment scrolls: DanGonzalez/iStockphoto
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ISBN 978-0-8308-9824-4 (digital)
ISBN 978-0-8308-5312-0 (print)
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THE DATES OF KINGS AND PROPHETS
The dates of the kings of Israel and Judah are disputed. One view of the chronology is given in IBD I, pp. 26877, in which the authors follow the concept of co-regencies proposed by E. R. Thiele, The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965). Not all scholars are convinced by this solution, and commentators on the prophetic books often accept that dates can only be approximate. The dates adopted in the present volume follow J. Bright, A History of Israel (London: SCM, 1972, second edition) which is largely based in turn on W. F. Albright in BASOR 100 (1945), pp. 2022. In the table below, no account is taken of co-regencies, although these may be needed to solve some problems (for example, see Bright, p. 271, n. 8, on the twenty years given to Pekah in 2 Kgs 15:27).
BEFORE THE EXILE
Kings of Israel | Kings of Judah | Prophets |
Jeroboam II | 786746 | Uzziah | 783742 | Amos (Jonah) |
Zechariah | 746745 |
Shallum | | Hosea |
Menahem | 745738 | Jotham | 742735 |
Pekahiah | 738737 |
Pekah | 737732 | Ahaz | 735715 | Isaiah, Micah |
Hoshea | 732722 |
Hezekiah | 715687 |
Manasseh | 687642 |
Amon | 642640 |
Josiah | 640609 | Habakkuk, Nahum |
Zephaniah |
Jehoahaz | | Jeremiah |
Jehoiakim | 609597 | Obadiah |
Jehoiachin | |
Zedekiah | 597587 | Ezekiel |
For different versions of the chronology of the Kings of Judah from Uzziah to Hezekiah see F. I. Andersen and D. N. Freedman, Micah (AB; New York: Doubleday, 2000), p. xviii.
In the table below the prophets are aligned only approximately with the kings, for ready reference. The table should be used with reference to the discussions of the Date and Destination of the individual prophets. (Jonah and Daniel are put in brackets for reasons that will become clear in the chapters on those books.)
EXILE AND AFTER:
KINGS OF BABYLON AND PERSIA
(see also )
Kings of Babylon and Persia | Prophets |
605562 | Reign of Nebuchadn(r)ezzar | (Daniel) |
562560 | Reign of Amel-marduk |
(Evil-Merodach) |
560556 | Reign of Neriglissar |
556539 | Reign of Nabonidus | Second Isaiah |
549539 | Belshazzar co-regent |
| Babylon captured by Cyrus the Persian |
539530 | Reign of Cyrus after capture of Babylon |
530522 | Reign of Cambyses |
522486 | Reign of Darius I Hystaspes | Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi |
KEY TO PANELS
This key to the panels helps locate the special and suggested exercises that occur throughout the volume. It should be noted that the panels are not exhaustive treatments of topics, and are meant to be read and used in their contexts. Panels sometimes cross-refer to other parts of the book.
A number of themes may be picked up by looking carefully across the different kinds of boxes (for example: Israel, metaphor, prophecy/prophets, rhetoric).
THINK ABOUT PANELS
DIGGING DEEPER PANELS
OTHER PANELS
INTRODUCTION
WHAT THIS BOOK AIMS TO DO
This book aims to help students study the Prophets. Like other volumes in the EOT and ENT series, it is intended to give the student a primary resource to enable him or her to study the texts independently. It provides introductory material on each book, a basic commentary, and pointers to theological interpretation. It is also interactive. Interspersed in the interpretation are a number of panels, which invite the student to think about what has been learnt (Think about), or to take an aspect of the study further (Digging deeper). Some of the panels are simply background notes, supplying extra information to clarify difficult issues or points. Essay titles as such are not supplied, but can be constructed out of many of the panels. A key to the panels enables the reader to see at a glance what topics are dealt with in them.
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