Abdelrashid Mahmoudi - Taha Husains Education: From Al Azhar to the Sorbonne

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h usain's Education

From the Azhar to the Sorbonne

h usain's Education

From the Azhar to the Sorbonne

Abdelrashid Mahmoudi

First Published in 1998 by Curzon Press

Published 2013

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1998 Abdelrashid Mahmoudi

Typeset in New Baskerville by LaserScript Ltd, Mitcham, Surrey

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book has been requested

ISBN 13: 978-0-700-71027-0 (hbk)

Contents

.

EI2	Encydopdedid of Islam, new edn.
H	al-Hidya
"L'Histoire"	Louis Massignon, "L'histoire des doctrines philoso-phiques arabes I'Universit du Caire", La Revue du Monde Musulman, XXI (1912), pp. 149-157
J	al-Jarda
Al-Madhhib	David Santillana, al-Madhhib al-Ynniyya al-faha-fiyya fi'l-'lam al-Islmi, ed. Muhammad Jall Sharaf (Beirut 1981)
MK	Al-Majm'a al-kmila li-mu'allaft al-Ductr Th Husain, [The Complete works of Dr h usain], Beirut: Dr al-Kitb al-Lubnn
Muart	Louis Massignon, Muart f trkh al-iilt al-falsafiyya al-'Arabiyya, ed. Zaynab al-Khuayr (Cairo 1983)
"Rapport"	Idem, "Rapport: Mission d'tudes sur le mouvement des ides philosophiques dans le pays de langue arabe" (manuscript, 1913)
Trkh	Carlo Nallino, Trkh al-db al-'Arabiyya min al-jhiliyya att 'ar Bani Umayya, ed. Maria Nallino (Cairo 1970)
"Una conferenza"	h Husein, "Una conferenza di h Husein su I. Guidi, C.A. Nallino, D. Santillana e altri orientalisti Italiani che insegnarono in Egitto", Oriente Moderno, XXVIII (1948), pp. 103-107

The present work, which is a revised version of a doctoral dissertation for the University of Manchester, grew out of an initial plan to study h usain's role as a cultural mediator between the East and the West with special reference to his French writings, which I had collected and translated into Arabic. The plan was subsequently abandoned, but something of it has survived in this work, namely the idea of studying h usain's educational journey with an eye to his experience and treatment of the cultural encounter between the East and the West. Some of the writings in question have been used and commented upon in the present work. While they do not occupy a prominent place in the argument, they were the main factor behind the choice of this intercultural approach to the subject of Th's education.

I wish to acknowledge with gratitude the help I received from Monis h usain and the late Dr Muammad asan al-Zayyt, who made some of the above-mentioned texts available to me. My special thanks go to the former for his amiability and unfailing readiness to answer my queries concerning his father.

I am also grateful to Daniel Massignon and Christian Destrenau who made available to me the as yet unpublished report written by Louis Massignon on his course of lectures at the nascent Egyptian University in 19121913.

As the present work makes a point of focusing attention on h usain's early writings, still scattered in now defunct and rare periodicals, I would like to extend my thanks to all those staff members of the Egyptian National Library who, in spite of the difficult conditions under which they work, have done their very best to facilitate my task.

My warmest thanks must go to Professor C.E. Bosworth without whose support, both scholarly and moral, this project could not have been carried out. His continued encouragement and perceptive comments have been invaluable. I am also grateful to Dr J. R. Smart whose detailed observations have been extremely helpful in editing the text.

Finally, I wish to thank all my friends and colleagues at UNESCO, particularly Ann Cook, Elizabeth Worgaft and Steve Hewitt, who have always been willing to help me through the intricacies of English usage.

Abdelrashid Mahmoudi , Paris

Notes

See h usain, Min al-shti' al-khar ["From the other Shore"], ed. and tr. Abdelrashid Elsadik Mahmoudi (Beirut 1990).

h usain's son-in-law and literary trustee until his death.

At a time when interest in h usain should be at its highest, there is a scarcity of good books on this great Egyptian writer. In the English-speaking world, Cachia's Taha Husayn, his place in the Egyptian literary renaissance (1956) still stands as the main landmark in the field. Apart from scattered articles in learned journals and chapters or sections in general works of reference and Fedwa Malti-Douglas's recent study on h Husain's autobiography, there is, as far as I know, nothing to show that he attracts much attention.

In the Arab world, on the other hand, h Husain has never ceased to arouse the interest of both scholars and popular writers, especially since his death in 1973. Books on him abound, but the problem here is one of quality, as very few of these works are worth reading. In this part of the world, h Husain has fallen victim to polemicists and propagandists of all sorts who, whether they are detractors or adulators, never read him attentively, let alone objectively.

Generally speaking, most Arab readers assume that they know their h Husain fairly well. At its best, his style, which is a unique blend of classical (almost Qur'nic) and modern Arabic, flows smoothly, discursively and melodiously, with varying rhythms and cadences, moving easily from the intimate and evocative to the grand and oratorical. His Arab readers, or at least his admirers, can be so carried away and lulled into something similar to hypnotic acquiescence as to lose the faculty of judgement. They fail to see that under the smooth and (apparently) transparent surface, h's thought is riddled with all sorts of tension and ambivalence, if not outright inconsistency.

The present work proposes to uncover these turbulent depths. It sets out to trace h's educational itinerary from the village kuttb (Qur'nic school) to the Sorbonne, and is intended to be a contribution towards a fuller intellectual biography. But although limited in scope, it exceeds at several points the bounds of h' s formal schooling and deals both with h's experience of life and his attempts, sometimes running into his maturity, to grapple with the antinomies of his modernism.

To achieve this end, it has been necessary to adopt a stringently historical methodology, where being historical means not only respect for chronological order but also critical analysis combined with sensitivity to change and development. Without such a methodology there is no hope of understanding h usain.

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